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Which of the following is NOT part of the continental margin? |
A. Continental Trench |
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Atolls may be described as |
coral reefs surrounding a lagoon. |
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Which one of the following would you NOT associate with turbidity currents? |
B. formation of seamounts |
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Submarine canyons found on the continental slope and are believed to have been created ____________. |
d. none of these |
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Which of the following is NOT true of deep ocean trenches? |
c. they are geologically very stable |
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The BEST definition of the outer edge of the continental shelf is that point where __________. |
d. a rapid steepening of the gradient occurs |
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Seamounts ____________. a. are a special type of oceanic trench |
b. are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor |
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Which of the following is associated with ocean ridges? a. rift zones |
d. all of these |
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Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called __________. a. terrigenous sediment |
a. terrigenous sediment |
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Manganese nodules are an example of __________. a. terrigenous sediment |
c. hydrogenous sediment |
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Minerals that crystallize directly from seawater are examples of __________. a. terrigenous sediment |
c. hydrogenous sediment |
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The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed the ____________. a. continental shelf |
a. continental shelf |
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The crests of mid-oceanic ridges __________. a. are heavily mantled with sediment |
c. contain active rift zones |
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The oceans cover approximately __________ percent of Earth’s surface. a. 40 |
d. 70 |
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The _______ Ocean is largest. a. Atlantic |
b. Pacific |
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Which ocean has the greatest average depth? a. Atlantic |
b. Pacific |
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Which one of the following salts is most abundant in seawater? a. potassium bromide |
d. sodium chloride |
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Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true? a. the percentage of land and water is about the same in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres |
b. the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere |
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Requirements for coral reef growth: |
1) warm water 2) shallow water 3) abundant sunlight |
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The scientist who correctly proposed the theory of atoll formation |
Darwin |
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Calcareous ooze is an example of ____. |
biogenous sediment |
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Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the |
Continental Slope |
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Within the continental margin, deep, steep-sided valleys known as _______ are found. |
submarine canyons |
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Most available information favors the view that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by |
turbidity currents |
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Charles Darwin was first to explain how reef-building organisms that require shallow water and sunlight could create reef complexes extending for thousands of meters below sea level. Darwin hypothesized that A) in contrast to modern forms, ancient reef-building organisms could, in fact, live in deep, cold water B) as sea level dropped during the onset of the ice age, these organisms built the reef in what is presently much deeper water C) as volcanic islands with fringing coral reefs began to sink, these organisms kept pace by building the reef complex upward D) as sea level rose during the Pleistocene, these organisms kept pace by building the reef complex upward |
C) as volcanic islands with fringing coral reefs began to sink, these organisms kept pace by building the reef complex upward |
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The development of this instrument greatly enhanced our knowledge of the ocean floor |
echo sounder |
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The continents cover approximately _____ percent of the earth’s surface: a. 30 |
A. 30 |
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35 0/00 is the same as |
3.5% |
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The Coriolis effect makes storms swirl |
clockwise in the Southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere |
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Which of the following water masses would be the most dense? a. warm water with a high salinity |
b. cold water with a high salinity |
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water masses from the arctic ocean are a significant part of the deep ocean circulation of |
Arctic and Atlantic Ocean |
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flat-topped volcanic structures located on the floor of the deep ocean basin are termed |
guyot |
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the most extensive mountain range on Earth extends for about 65,000 kilometers on the ocean floor and is known as |
midocean ridge |
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A prominent feature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a very deep linear valley known as ___ valley |
Rift Valley |
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a gently sloping submerged surface extending from a shoreline toward the deep ocean basin |
Continental shelf |
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The continental shelf, slope, and rise make up a unit called a |
Passive Continental Margin |
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_____ sediment consists of shells and hard parts of marine organisms |
biogenous |
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Manganese nodules are an example of a _________. |
hydrogenous sediments |
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The height, length, and period of a wave depend upon ____________. a. the length of time the wind has blown |
d. all of these |
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Which of the following is correct regarding a wave in the open ocean? a. water particles move in an almost circular path |
a. water particles move in an almost circular path |
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Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is __________. a. equal to one-half the wavelength |
a. equal to one-half the wavelength |
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When waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is termed __________. a. oscillation |
b. refraction |
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The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed _________. a. tidal current |
d. longshore current |
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The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen? a. an estuary |
c. elevated marine terrace |
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Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ___________. a. associated with a submergent coast |
d. all of the above |
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Which one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion? a. spit |
d. sea arch |
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The movement of sand parallel to the shore __________. a. is created by waves approaching at an oblique angle |
d. all of the above |
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The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ___________. a. caused by obliquely breaking waves |
d. both a. and b |
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A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a __________. |
baymouth bar |
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A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a __________. a. spit |
a. spit |
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An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a __________. a. spit |
d. sea stack |
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A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a ________. a. jetty |
b. tombolo |
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A flat, bench-like surface cut in rock along a coast is a ___________. a. sea stack |
c. wave-cut platform |
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Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves? a. jetty |
c. breakwater |
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Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion? a. groin b. beach nourishment c. seawall d. all of these |
d. all of these |
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Which of the following is a tidal current? a. spring tide b. flood tide c. ebb tide d. both flood and ebb tide |
d. both flood and ebb tide |
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The energy that drives surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream comes from ______. a. salinity variations b. Coriolis effect c. prevailing winds d. density differences |
c. prevailing winds |
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A poleward-moving ocean current is ______. a. warm b. cold c. warm only in the Northern Hemisphere d. warm only in the Southern Hemisphere |
a. warm |
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Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the _______ of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere. a. right b. left c. west d. east |
a. right |
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Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the _______ of their path of motion in the Southern Hemisphere. a. right b. left c. west d. east |
b. left |
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The daily tidal range is GREATEST during _______ tide. a. spring b. ebb c. neap d. none of these |
a. spring |
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The daily tidal range is LEAST during _______ tide. a. spring b. ebb c. neap d. none of these |
c. neap |
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one high tide and one low tide |
Diurnal Tides |
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two high tides and two low tides |
Semidiurnal Tides |
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two high tides and two low tides each day |
Mixed Tides |
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