1. The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ______. a. personality |
1. a. personality |
2. Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality? a. Temperament and personality are the exact same thing. |
2. c. Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one’s personality is built. |
3. The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one’s personal characteristics and actions. a. psychodynamic |
3. d. behaviorist |
4. Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives? a. humanistic perspective |
4. a. humanistic perspective |
5. Freud believed that the _______ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality. a. id |
5. d. unconscious mind |
6. "If it feels good do it" best describes the _______. a. id |
6. a. id |
7. What is Freud’s term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual’s desires? a. id |
7. b. ego |
8. The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id’s drives in the external world. a. personal unconscious |
8. b. ego |
9. Which element in Freud’s personality theory is composed of the conscience and the ego ideal? a. id |
9. c. superego |
10. According to Freud, the ______ acts as our conscience. a. id |
10. b. superego |
11. For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or _______. a. traits |
11. d. habits |
12. A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ______ psychologist. a. psychodynamic |
12. b. social cognitive |
13. What is Albert Bandura’s term for the relationship among the three factors that influence personality? a. feedback loops |
13. c. reciprocal determinism |
14. Albert Bandura’s notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as ______. a. self-efficacy |
14. d. reciprocal determinism |
15. A baseball player’s son is quite talented; he has received lots of awards over the years. When he gets up to bat he expects to get a hit, and when he is in the field he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristic does this young man seem to have? a. self-regard |
15. c. self-efficacy |
16. According to Albert Bandura, a person’s belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as _____. a. self-efficacy |
16. a. self-efficacy |
17. _____ theory is called the third force in personality theory. a. Psychoanalytic |
17. d. Humanistic |
18. What do Abraham Maslow’s and Carl Rogers’s theories have in common? a. They are both stage theories. |
18. c. They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny. |
19. Which of the following descriptions is likely to fit the quality of self-actualization? a. shy, silent, and humorless |
19. b. real self close to ideal self |
20. In Carl Rogers’s theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ______. a. personality |
20. d. self-concept |
21. According to Carl Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behaviors occur when _______. a. a person has low self-esteem |
21. c. there is a discrepancy between the real self and ideal self |
22. Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ______. a. conditional esteem |
22. d. unconditional positive regard |
23. Which one of the goals of psychology would be most relevant in the trait perspective? a. description |
23. a. description |
24. Which theories are less concerned with the explanation for personality development and changing personality than they are with describing personality and predicting behavior based on that description? a. trait theories |
24. a. trait theories |
25. Cattell and Allport are both prominent ______ theorists. a. psychodynamic |
25. b. trait |
26. What are the Big Five personality traits? a. conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance |
26. b. openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism |
27. Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure ________. a. extraversion |
27. d. openness |
28. Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores? a. agreeableness and extraversion |
28. a. agreeableness and extraversion |
29. When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________. a. use only one specific approach |
29. b. use a variety of approaches |
30. Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli? a. dynamic |
30. b. projective |
31. A person’s responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ________. a. current events |
31. d. unconscious thoughts and feelings |
32. An assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior(s) that is/are listed on the assessment is called a _______. a. rating scale |
32. a. rating scale |
33. Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists rely primarily on _______. a. projective tests |
33. b. direct observation |
34. Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists sometimes make use of _______. a. projective tests |
34. d. rating scales and frequency counts |
35. As part of an application for a job, Dan is asked to complete some psychological tests including one in which he responds true or false to items such as "I feel sad most of the time," or "I had a good childhood." What type of psychological test is Dan taking? a. a behavioral log |
35. d. an inventory |
36. What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior? a. health psychology |
36. b. psychopathology |
37. Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal? a. dysfunctional |
37. b. statistical definition |
38. Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual’s behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives? a. social discomfort |
38. d. social norm deviance |
39. What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior? a. Norms are difficult to enumerate. |
39. c. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. |
40. Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria’s case represents an example of abnormality? a. statistical rarity |
40. b. subjective discomfort |
41. One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or ______. a. subjective discomfort |
41. a. subjective discomfort |
42. Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case? a. inability to function normally and statistical rarity |
42. b. subjective discomfort and inability to function normally |
43. The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes. a. biological |
43. a. biological |
44. The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of ______. a. Freud |
44. a. Freud |
45. The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ______. a. learning |
45. b. repressed thoughts, memories, and concerns |
46. According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of ________. a. repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface |
46. b. a set of learned responses |
47. Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda’s fear? a. cognitive |
47. b. behavioral |
48. According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ______. a. repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface |
48. c. illogical thinking patterns |
49. A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist’s intervention? a. learned behaviors of depression |
49. c. negative interpretations of life events |
50. _______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders. a. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) |
50. a. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) |
51. The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to _____. a. help psychologists assess only normal behavior |
51. c. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders |
52. How many axes of data are considered in a full DSM-based diagnosis? a. 3 |
52. b. 5 |
53. When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV-TR as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five ______. a. axes |
53. a. axes |
54. Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR? a. sexual and gender identity disorders |
54. c. personality disorders |
55. Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR consists of _______. a. global assessment of functioning |
55. b. clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention |
56. Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR consists of ________. a. global assessment of functioning |
56. d. personality disorders and mental retardation |
57. Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes ________. a. physical disorders that affect a person’s psychological adjustment |
57. a. physical disorders that affect a person’s psychological adjustment |
58. Axis IV of the DSM-IV-TR includes ________. a. all physical disorders that affect a person’s psychological adjustment |
58. c. information about problems in the person’s life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one |
59. Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR contains an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person’s mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100? a. Axis II |
59. d. Axis V |
60. What of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States? a. generalized anxiety disorder |
60. b. dysthymic disorder |
61. What is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States? a. specific phobia |
61. a. specific phobia |
62. Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ______. a. mood disorders |
62. c. anxiety disorders |
63. An irrational, persistent fear of something is called a ______. a. mania |
63. c. phobia |
64. People who have a(n) ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing. a. agoraphobia |
64. b. social phobia |
65. Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ______ phobias. a. specific |
65. a. specific |
66. Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ______. a. agoraphobia |
66. a. agoraphobia |
67. Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating? a. phobia |
67. c. panic attack |
68. A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ______ disorder. a. obsessive-compulsive |
68. a. obsessive-compulsive |
69. Intruding thoughts that occur again and again are called _________. Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors are called________. a. intrusions; impulses |
69. b. obsessions; compulsions |
70. The behavioral perspective views anxiety as ______. a. a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface |
70. b. a learned reaction |
71. Sandy has the tendency to make everything seem so much worse than it actually is. Beck would say that Sandy has a tendency to engage in _______. a. overgeneralization |
71. d. magnification |
72. Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ______ disorders. a. conversion |
72. c. mood |
73. The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ______. a. thought |
73. b. emotion |
74. Which of the following best describes dysthymia? a. a mild, chronic form of depression |
74. a. a mild, chronic form of depression |
75. Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause is called ______. a. dysthymia |
75. d. major depression |
76. A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________. a. anxiety and mania |
76. b. depression and manic episodes |
77. Which cognitive event, often attributed to the work of Martin Seligman, is hypothesized as contributing to the development and maintenance of major depression? a. self-efficacy |
77. b. learned helplessness |
78. A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from_______. a. schizophrenia |
78. a. schizophrenia |
79. False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as ______. a. delusions |
79. a. delusions |
80. Delusions of ________are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way. a. persecution |
80. a. persecution |
81. False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ______. a. delusions |
81. b. hallucinations |
82. Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. Her symptoms indicate she is suffering from ______ schizophrenia. a. disorganized |
82. a. disorganized |
83. The primary feature of ______ schizophrenia is severe disturbance of motor behavior. a. disorganized |
83. b. catatonic |
84. People with ______ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others. a. personality |
84. a. personality |
85. John has made a career of stealing older people’s retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong—if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John’s behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ______ personality disorder. a. schizoid |
85. d. antisocial |
86. Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? a. Marlon, who works as a long-distance truck driver so that he doesn’t have to interact with people more than necessary. |
86. c. Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood. |
87. Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ______ personality disorder. a. antisocial |
87. d. borderline |
88. The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called _________. a. psychotherapy |
88. a. psychotherapy |
89. Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one’s motives and actions are referred to as _________. a. action therapies |
89. b. insight therapies |
90. Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as _______. a. action therapies |
90. a. action therapies |
91. A therapist is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior. This therapist is most likely to be a/an _______. a. action therapist |
91. a. action therapist |
92. The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person’s disordered behavior is called ________. a. psychotherapy |
92. b. biomedical therapy |
93. Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients’ unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients’ disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ______. a. behavior therapy |
93. b. psychoanalysis |
94. Which of the following is a key component of Rogers’s person-centered therapy? a. cognition |
94. d. unconditional positive regard |
95. What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness? a. reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns |
95. c. mismatch between an individual’s ideal self and real self |
96. What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy? a. to facilitate transference |
96. c. to provide unconditional positive regard |
97. What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist? a. to facilitate transference |
97. d. to help clients become more aware of their own feelings |
98. In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ______ and ______. a. passive; nondirective |
98. d. active; directive |
99. Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer? a. "I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate." |
99. b. "During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair." |
100. Gestalt therapy emphasizes ______. a. the here-and-now |
100. a. the here-and-now |
101. Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking. His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviors. Craig’s therapist is using________. a. behavior modification |
101. a. behavior modification |
102. The form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called _______. a. token economy |
102. c. aversion therapy |
103. Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ______ therapy. a. cognitive |
103. a. cognitive |
104. Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving one rejection letter, she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed. Your friend is engaging in _______. a. arbitrary inference |
104. b. overgeneralization |
105. Azdah’s teenage son fails his mathematics exam due to lack of studying. She immediately assumes that it is her fault. Azdah is engaging in _______. a. arbitrary inference |
105. c. personalization |
106. Therapies that focus on the present and assume that people observe the world and the people around them, make assumptions and inferences based on these observations, and then decide how to respond is called _______. a. person-centered therapy |
106. b. cognitive-behavioral therapy |
107. Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy? a. to help clients uncover unconscious conflicts and sexual urges |
107. c. to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts |
108. Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ______ therapy. a. insight |
108. b. cognitive-behavioral |
109. According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of _______. a. our behaviors |
109. b. our irrational beliefs |
110. In which form of therapy does the therapist take a directive role, challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements? a. psychoanalysis |
110. d. rational-emotive behavioral therapy |
111. A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ______ therapy. a. social |
111. c. group |
112. Family counseling is a form of ______ therapy. a. organic |
112. b. group |
113. A goal of family therapy is to ______. a. change the needs of individual family members |
113. b. improve family communication and interaction |
114. Most family therapists who work with couples concentrate on ______. a. exploring the marital partners’ childhoods to understand the source of the current conflicts |
114. d. improving the couple’s patterns of communication so they can find better ways of solving their problems |
115. An advantage to group therapy is that groups ______. a. are a source of social support |
115. a. are a source of social support |
Psychology Practice Questions
Share This
Unfinished tasks keep piling up?
Let us complete them for you. Quickly and professionally.
Check Price