|
In metabolism, energy that is not used |
is given off as heat. |
|
The reactions involved in producing larger compounds from smaller compounds is called |
anabolism. |
|
Where does the energy required for anabolic reactions come from? |
Catabolic reactions |
|
The use of amino acids to make proteins |
is an example of anabolism. |
|
Why do enzymes display specificity for particular substrates? |
Because of the unique three-dimensional shape of the active site |
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Which of the following is true regarding factors that influence enzymatic activity? |
The rate of enzymatic reactions declines beyond the optimum temperature due to the loss of the enzyme’s three-dimensional structure. |
|
Where would you expect to find electron transport chains in a prokaryote? |
Along the plasma membrane |
|
According to the animation, which compounds provide electrons to the system? |
NADH and FADH2 |
|
According to the animation, what does oxygen get reduced to at the end of the electron transport chain? |
water |
|
According to the animation, what does the electron transport chain do to the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons)? |
The concentration of protons is higher outside the membrane than inside. |
|
The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient is referred to as |
chemiosmosis |
|
Why is ATP required for glycolysis? |
ATP makes it easier to break apart glucose into two three-carbon molecules |
|
Glycolysis literally means |
sugar splitting |
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How many net ATPs can be made from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis? |
2 |
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What carbon molecules remain at the end of glycolysis? |
Pyruvic acid |
|
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true? |
Glycolysis is also called the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. |
|
What occurs at the bridge step? |
Decarboxylation of pyruvic acid |
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Based on the animation, how many electron carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle only? |
4 |
|
What is the function of GTP? |
An energy carrier |
|
What is the fate of metabolites during respiration? |
They are oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water |
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Before amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) can be catabolized, they must be converted to other substances that can enter the Krebs cycle by all of the following methods, except: |
transamination |
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Which of the following does not define fermentation? |
Fermentation requires the use of the Krebs cycle or an electron transport chain (ETC). |
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Which of the following statements about fermentation is true? |
It is an alternative way to return electron carriers to their oxidized state. |
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What is the role of pyruvic acid in fermentation? |
It takes the electrons from NADH, oxidizing it back into NAD+ |
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What is the fate of the NAD+ newly regenerated by fermentation? |
It returns to glycolysis to pick up more electrons |
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Which of the following is an acid produced by fermentation? |
Lactic acid and propionic acid |
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What is the intermediate product formed by pyruvic acid during alcoholic fermentation? |
Acetaldehyde |
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Why do all enzymatic reactions need activation energy? |
Energy is required to disrupt a substrate’s stable electron configuration. |
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What is meant by the statement "Enzymes are biological catalysts"? |
Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions in living cells |
|
Why are enzymes important to biological systems? |
Enzymes decrease the amount of activation energy required for chemical reactions to occur. |
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