LOM – Chapter 15

condyle

knuckle-like process at the end of a bone

cranium bones

occipital, sphenoid, frontal, temporal, and ethmoid are bones of the; also know as skull

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone is called a

scoliosis

crooked, bent of the spinal column

osteomalacia

vitamin D deficiency leads to softening of bone

humeral

pertaining to the upper arm bone

scapula

the shoulder blade (bone)

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

comminuted fracture

a splintered or crushed bone

arthroplasty

surgical repair of a joint

osteoarthritis

chronic inflammation of bones and joints due to degeneration changes in cartilage

gouty arthritis

inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid accumulation

leiomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

atrophy

wasting away (no development) of muscle

calcium and phosperous

two mineral substances necessary for proper development of bones

epiphysis

the ends of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

cartilage

flexible, rubbery connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton

osteoblasts

during bone development, immature bone cells that helps form bony tissues

cacellous

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

periosteum

membrane surrounding the surface of a bone;rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue lying under the periosteum; usually found around the outer portion of bones

orthopedist

the physician who treats bones and joint diseases; surgically and medcally

haversion

series of bone canals containing blood vessels; found in compact bone

frontal bone

forms the forehead

zygomatic bone

two bones on each side of the face; form high portion of cheek bone

maxillae or maxillary bone

2 large bones; upper jaw bone

occipital bone

forms the back and base of the skull

mandible

lower jaw bone

parietal bone

forms the roof and upper side of the skull

lacrimal bone

two paired bones at the corner of each eye

temporal bone

bone near the ear; connected to the lower jaw

scapula

shoulder bone

humerus

upper arm bone

sternum

breastbone

femur

thigh bone

phalanges

finger and toe bones

clavicle

collar bone

carpals

wrist bones

patella

kneecap

tarsals

hindfoot bones

vertebral column

backbone

myelopoiesis

formation of bone marrow

lodosis

abnormal anterior bent or curve of the spine

exostoses

benign tumors arising from the bone surface

kyphosis

humpback

talipes

clubfoot

spondylolisthesis

subluxation of a vertebra

tendonitis

inflammtion of a tendon

rheumatologist

doctor specializing in joint disorders; such as arthritis

chondroma

tumor (benign) of cartilage

arthrotomy

incision of a joint

ankylosis

stiffened, immobile joint

tenorrhaphy

suture of a tendon

chondromalacia

softening of cartilage

chonderosarcoma

tumor (malignant) of cartilage

bursitis

inflammation of a sac of fluid near a joint

fascia

fibrous membrane sperating muscles

abduction

movement away from the midline

myocardial

pertaining to heart muscle

polymalagia

pain of many muscles

supination

act of turning the palm forward or upward

visceral muscle

muscle connected to internal organs

insertion of muscle

connection of muscle to the bone that moves

origin of a muscle

connection of muscle to a stationary bone

achondroplasia

an inherited condition in which bones of the arm and legs fail to grow normally because of a defet in cartilage and bone formation

ganglion

cystic mass arising from a tendon in the wrist

gouty arthritis

inflammation of joints caused by accumulation of uric acid

osteoarthritis

degenerative joint disease; chronic inflammation of bones and joints

ankylosis spondylitis

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, especially of the spine

carpal tummel syndrome

compression of the median nerve in the wrist

bunion

abnormal swelling of metatarsophalangeal joint

lyme disease

thick-borne bacterium causes this type of arthritis

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic joint disease with inlflamed and painful joints; marked by swollen and thickened synovial membranes

systemic lupus erythematosis

chronic inflammatory disease affecting skin (red rash on face), kidneys, heart, and lungs as well as joints

dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint

extention

straightening out a limb

rotation

circular movement around an axis

flexion

bending a limb

adduction

movement toward the midline of the body

pronation

turning the palm backward

abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

sphenoid bone

bat-shaped cranial bone behind the eyes

greater trochanter

large process below the neck of the femur

epiphysis

end of a long bone

colles fracture

bone break at the wrist

malleolus

round process on both sides on ankle

occipital bone

forms the back and base of the skull

osteodystrophy

poor development of bone

peroneal

pertaining to the smaller lower leg bone

acetabulum

hip socket

ethmoid bone

thin, delicate cranial bone; supports the nasal cavity

myelopoiesis

formation of bone marrow

osteogenicsarcoma

malignant bone marrow

illium

upper part of the pelvic bone

spondylolithiasis

forward vertebral subluxation

comminuted fracture

bone is splinted or crushed

calcanous

heel bone

olecranon

elbow bone

electromyography

process of recording the electrical activity of muscle

ankilosing spondylitis

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints (primarily the spine)

arthrodosis

bones are fused accross the joint space

tendonitis

inflammation of the tissue connecting bones and muscles

achondroplasia

bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size

dorsi flexion

bending of the foot backward

supination

act of turning the palm forward

abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

synovitis

inflammation of the membrane lining the joint

leimyosarcoma

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

strain

trauma to a muscle from violent contraction or excessive stretching

polymyositis

inflammation of many muscles

sprain

trauma to a joint due to injury to ligaments

pyrexia

fever

hyperuricemia

blood condition found in gouty arthritis

rhabdomyosarcoma

malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic disease of joint inflammation

bunion

abnormal swelling of the metatarsophalangeal joint

bursae

sac of fluid near a joint

podagra

extreme pain of the big toe associated with gouty arthritis

ulna

lower arm bone

ilium

upper part of the hip bone

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

bursa

sac of fluid near joints

lordosis

condition of anterior curvature of the spine

fubula

smaller of the two leg bones

tibia

shin bone; larger of the two leg bones

olecranon

the elbow bone

metatarsal

mid foot bone

cranial bones

skull bone; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid and temporal

calcium

mineral constituent of bone

acromion

outward extension of the shoulder bone

cancellous bone

spongy, porpus bone tissue in the inner part of bone

acetabulum

rounded depression of socket in the pelvis; forms the hip joint

collagen

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone

condyle

knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near a joint

articular cartilage

thin layer surrounding the bones in a joint

compact bone

hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of a bone

fossa

shallow cavity in a bone

diaphysis

shaft, or mid-portion of a long bone

disk

flat, round plate-like structure between two vertebrae

fontanelle

soft spot between the skull bones of an infant

fissure

narrow, slit like opening in or between bones

facial bones

bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic bones

haversian canals

minute spaces filled with blood vessels, found in compact bone

epiphysis

each end of a long bone

forman

opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

malleolus

rounded process on both sides of the ankle joint

206 bones

how many bones are there in the body?

calc/o or calci/o

calcium

kyph/o

humpback, hunchback (posterior curvature in the thoracic region

lamin/o

lamina (part of a vertebral arch)

lord/o

curve, swayback (anterior curvature in the lumbar region)

lumb/o

loins, lower back

myel/o

bone marrow

orth/o

straight

scoli/o

crooked, bent (lateral curvature)

spondyl/o

vertebra (used to make words about conditions of the structure)

vertebr/o

vertebra (used to describe the structure itself)

-blast

embryonic or immature cell

-clast

to break

-listhesis

slipping

-malacia

softening

-physis

to grow

-porosis

pore, passage

-tome

instrument to cut

ankyl/o

stiff

articul/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

ligament/o

ligament

rheumat/o

watery flow

synov/o

synovial membrane

ten/o or tendin/o

tendon

-desis

to bind, tie together

-stenosis

narrowing

ment/o

chin