Chapter 9- Joints

Which letter indicates a ligament that connects bone to bone and is external to the joint
capsule?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates an articulating surface that is comprised of hyaline cartilage?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates the fibrous layer of the articular capsule of this synovial joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates the joint/articular cavity that contains a small amount of synovial fluid?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

B) B

Which letter indicates the layer of the articular capsule that is the most highly vascularized?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates an example of an interphalangeal joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates a cartilaginous, amphiarthrotic, symphysis type of joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

B) B

Which letter indicates the proximal articulation between the tibia and fibula and is a
diarthrotic plane joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

D) D

Which letter indicates an articulation, that in addition to the pubic symphysis, becomes
slightly amphiarthrotic during pregnancy?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

A) A

Which letter on the diagram indicates a modified hinge joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

C) C

11) Which letter indicates a synovial, diarthrotic, hinge type of joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates the joint that is made more stable by the glenoid labrum?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

A) A

Which letter indicates the knuckle or metacarpophalangeal joint,which is a diarthrotic joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

E) E

Which letter indicates the distal articulation between the radius and ulna?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

C) C

Which letter indicates a synovial, diarthrotic, saddle type of joint?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

D) D

Which of these joints would be best described as having a number of bursae, tendon sheaths,
an acromion process, and a coracoid process?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

B) shoulder joint

Trauma at which of these joints is more likely to result in a bone fracture than a dislocation?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

C) sternoclavicular joint

Which of these joints is stabilized by an iliofemoral ligament, a pubofemoral ligament, and
an ischiofemoral ligament?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

D) hip joint

Which of these joints is a hinge joint, primarily involved in articulation with the ulna rather
than the radius?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

A) elbow joint

Which of these joints utilizes the acetabulum?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

D) hip joint

Which of these joints incorporates two bones, the first costal cartilage, and an articular disc?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

C) sternoclavicular joint

Which of these joints allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

E) ankle joint

Which of these joints is one of the most freely moving joints of the body, but requires the
stability provided by the rotator cuff muscles to keep it in place?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

B) shoulder joint

Which of these joints is stabilized by glenohumeral ligaments?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

B) shoulder joint

Which of these joints is stabilized with an annular ligament?
A) elbow joint
B) shoulder joint
C) sternoclavicular joint
D) hip joint
E) ankle joint

A) elbow joint

Which structure(s) directly secures the humerus to the glenoid cavity?
A) the rotator cuff
B) the glenohumeral ligaments
C) the coracohumeral ligament
D) the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

D) the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Which of these is not characteristic of a synchondrosis?
A) absence of a joint cavity
B) bone ends attached by collagen
C) composed of hyaline cartilage
D) not highly movable

B) bone ends attached by collagen

What structures are most important in keeping the knee from moving medially to laterally?
A) the collateral ligaments
B) the menisci
C) the patellar ligament
D) the oblique popliteal ligaments

A) the collateral ligaments

A joint capsule (articular capsule) has two layers. The function of the capsule’s internal layer
is to
A) strengthen the joint against tension.
B) produce synovial fluid.
C) contain all of the nerves and blood vessels of the joint.
D) act as a meniscus.

B) produce synovial fluid.

An example of a synarthrotic fibrous joint is the
A) sagittal suture.
B) interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna.
C) pubic symphysis.
D) intervertebral discs.

A) sagittal suture.

Which of the factors listed below contributes least to hip joint stability?
A) muscle tone
B) ligaments in the articular capsule
C) the deep socket
D) ligaments attached to the head of the femur

D) ligaments attached to the head of the femur

An example of a pivot joint is the
A) atlantoaxial joint
B) distal tibiofibular joint.
C) sagittal suture.
D) suture.

A) atlantoaxial joint

An example of a saddle-shaped synovial joint is the
A) radioulnar joint
B) temporomandibular joint.
C) carpometacarpal of digit 1.
D) glenohumeral joint.

C) carpometacarpal of digit 1.

Articular cartilages are found both in symphyses and in
A) sutures.
B) synovial joints.
C) synchondroses.
D) syndesmoses.

B) synovial joints.

Synovial joint cavities are the only important exceptions to the rule that cavities in the body
are always lined with epithelia. The synovial membrane consists of
A) loose connective tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) nervous tissue.
D) dense irregular connective tissue.

A) loose connective tissue.

The main function of synovial fluid is
A) cooling.
B) nourishing bone.
C) removing metabolic wastes.
D) lubrication.

D) lubrication.

In abduction of the fingers, the fifth finger moves medially, and the second finger moves
A) anteriorly.
B) laterally.
C) medially.
D) by flexing toward the palm.

B) laterally.

By hyperextending a thigh at the hip joint, you could
A) hit your chin with your knee.
B) perform the same movement as circumduction.
C) squeeze both thighs together.
D) bring your knee and leg to a position posterior to the thorax.

D) bring your knee and leg to a position posterior to the thorax.

The largest ball-and-socket joint in the body is the
A) hip.
B) shoulder.
C) knee.
D) interphalangeal joint.

A) hip.

Besides helping to "lock" the knee, the posterior cruciate ligament
A) prevents posterior sliding of the tibia when the leg is flexed at the knee.
B) holds the patella to the tibia.
C) prevents all medial rotation on the femoral condyles.
D) breaks more frequently than the anterior cruciate ligament.

A) prevents posterior sliding of the tibia when the leg is flexed at the knee.

As an essential stage in the locking mechanism of the knee,
A) both cruciate and collateral ligaments tighten.
B) the popliteal muscle contracts.
C) the fibula is pulled out of the way.
D) the femur rotates laterally on the tibial condyles.

A) both cruciate and collateral ligaments tighten.

A joint between a tooth and its socket is
A) a suture.
B) a gomphosis.
C) an ankylosis.
D) a synostosis.

B) a gomphosis.

A chronic disorder of joints in which the articular cartilages degenerate and bony spurs form
is
A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) gout.
D) Lyme disease.

B) osteoarthritis.

Which of the response pairs listed below does not correctly pair the joint category with its
functional degree of mobility?
A) suture: synarthrosis
B) symphysis: amphiarthrosis
C) synchondrosis: amphiarthrosis
D) synovial: diarthrosis

C) synchondrosis: amphiarthrosis

Capsular ligaments
A) are covered by synovial membrane.
B) are located outside the joint capsule.
C) are thickened parts of the joint capsule itself.
D) separate the synovial cavity into compartments.

C) are thickened parts of the joint capsule itself.

Cartilaginous joints
A) allow free movement.
B) allow movement in only one plane as a hinge.
C) are seen in sutural lines.
D) include symphyses.

D) include symphyses.

What movement occurs when one moves the foot from the anatomical position to point the
toes laterally, with the foot flat on the floor?
A) eversion
B) lateral rotation
C) inversion
D) plantar flexion

B) lateral rotation

Articular discs are found in all of the following joints except the
A) sternoclavicular.
B) temporomandibular.
C) tibiofemoral.
D) vertebrocostal.

D) vertebrocostal.

Of the joints listed below, the only joint with a relatively shallow or flat articular surface is
the
A) ankle joint.
B) hip joint.
C) shoulder joint.
D) elbow joint.

C) shoulder joint.

In pronation,
A) the palm faces anteriorly.
B) the radius and ulna are crossed.
C) the forearm is laterally rotated.
D) the ulna rotates, but the radius does not.

B) the radius and ulna are crossed.

What type of excessive motion do anterior ligaments resist?
A) abduction
B) adduction
C) extension
D) flexion

C) extension

An example of a diarthrotic synchondrosis
A) is the epiphyseal plate.
B) is the intertarsal joint.
C) is the knee.
D) does not exist.

D) does not exist.

An example of an amphiarthrotic cartilaginous joint is the
A) epiphyseal plate.
B) pubic symphysis.
C) knee joint.
D) sternocostal joint.

B) pubic symphysis.

The main movements occurring at the ankle joint are
A) plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.
B) inversion and eversion.
C) abduction and adduction.
D) supination and pronation.

A) plantar flexion and dorsiflexion.

Which of the following movements is not possible at the condyloid metacarpophalangeal
joints of fingers 2-5?
A) flexion
B) circumduction
C) adduction
D) rotation

D) rotation

An example of a multiaxial joint is
A) the proximal radioulnar joint.
B) an intervertebral joint, between the articular processes.
C) the hip.
D) the pubic symphysis.

C) the hip.

The only category of articulations with a joint cavity is a
A) fibrous joint.
B) cartilaginous joint.
C) synovial joint.
D) synostosis.

C) synovial joint.

Which of these statements about menisci is false?
A) They contain fibrocartilage.
B) They are found in all synovial joints.
C) They can divide the joint cavity.
D) They can allow two movements at a single joint.

B) They are found in all synovial joints.

Synovial fluid is
A) identical to blood plasma.
B) an extract from the bone marrow.
C) a filtrate of the blood, with added glycoproteins.
D) fluid from edema.

C) a filtrate of the blood, with added glycoproteins.

Tendon sheaths
A) surround all tendons.
B) contain articular cartilages.
C) differ from bursae in that they are not lubricating in function.
D) wrap the tendons that are crowded in the carpal tunnel.

D) wrap the tendons that are crowded in the carpal tunnel.

By plantar flexing your feet at the ankle joints, you will
A) stand on your toes.
B) stand back on your heels.
C) stand on the medial margins of your feet.
D) turn your big toes laterally.

A) stand on your toes.

Gliding movements occur between all these joints except
A) adjacent carpals.
B) adjacent phalanges.
C) articular processes of vertebrae.
D) temporomandibular joints.

B) adjacent phalanges.

All of these stabilizing structures provide structural support to the hip joint except the
A) iliofemoral ligament.
B) ischiofemoral ligament.
C) pubofemoral ligament.
D) ligament of the head of the femur.

D) ligament of the head of the femur.

Pulling your shoulders back, or squaring them, involves which motion of the scapula?
A) abduction
B) pronation
C) retraction
D) opposition

C) retraction

A pre-adolescent has more joints than an adult because of these immovable cartilaginous
joints.
A) sutures
B) epiphyseal plates
C) synovial joints
D) gomphoses

B) epiphyseal plates

All of the following can be performed at the wrist except
A) flexion and extension of the hand.
B) circumduction of the hand.
C) rotation of the hand.
D) abduction and adduction of the hand.

C) rotation of the hand.

Biaxial joints cannot
A) abduct.
B) adduct.
C) flex.
D) rotate.

D) rotate.

The lateral movement of the arms away from the body is called
A) abduction.
B) adduction.
C) flexion.
D) extension.

A) abduction.

Expansion of the rib cage during inhalation is possible because the costovertebral joints are
A) amphiarthrotic.
B) biaxial.
C) synchondroses.
D) synovial.

D) synovial.

Synarthroses are freely movable joints.

False

One type of cartilage, fibrocartilage, characterizes all cartilaginous joints.

False

The term synovial joint contains the root word ov, referring to ovum, or egg, because the
synovial fluid is viscous like the white of the egg.

True

The interosseous membrane is a type of syndesmosis.

True

Synovial fluid is slippery because of glycoproteins that are secreted by fibroblasts located
within the articular cartilage.

False

Typical synovial joints are supplied by blood vessels and nerve fibers.

True

Hyaline cartilage forms many menisci, such as are found in the temporomandibular joint and
the knee joint.

False

The sternoclavicular joint (SC) is a modified hinge joint.

False

Intracapsular ligaments, such as the cruciate ligaments, are covered with a synovial
membrane.

True

Amphiarthroses are more movable than diarthroses.

False

A tendon sheath is an elongated membranous sac filled with synovial fluid that wraps around
a tendon.

True

A person who states that they are "double-jointed" is capable of joint hyperextension and has
more phalangeal joints than the average person.

False

The atlantoaxial joint is a saddle joint.

False