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What is the evolutionary significance of megaphylls? |
They increase the surface area for photosynthesis. |
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Sori can be found in which of the following? |
pterophytes |
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What structures allow plants to readily take up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? |
stomata |
|
Water is brought into mosses primarily by what? |
diffusion through all cells |
|
Which of the following statements about algae and plants is true? |
Plants have a waxy, waterproof cuticle, and algae do not. |
|
In sporophyte ferns, the leaves are _____. |
megaphylls |
|
Which of the following are traits shared by land plants and their closest relatives among the algae? |
-Structure of flagellated sperm -Formation of a phragmoplast -Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins in the plasma membrane |
|
Where would you find a fern gametophyte? |
on moist soil |
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Which of the following is true of the life cycle of bryophytes? |
A moist environment is required for sexual reproduction. |
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Typically, the upper part of a bryophyte capsule that contains the spores features a ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures known as the __________. |
peristome |
|
To examine meiosis in ferns, you would study __________. |
the sporangia |
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In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges? |
Desiccation |
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Which is a key difference between alternation of generations in plants and sexual reproduction in nonplant organisms? |
In plants, the haploid and diploid stages are both multicellular. |
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How are gametes produced by bryophytes? |
By mitosis of gametophyte cells |
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Which of the following is a genus in the phylum Monilophyta? |
Equisetum |
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What is advantage is conferred to algae and plants that possess sporopollenin? |
Reproductive cells are more resistant to desiccation. |
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A major division in plant systematics is based on whether a particular species has __________. |
vascular tissue |
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The "dots" on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs? |
It is a sporophyte. |
|
The gametophyte stage of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in __________. |
mosses |
|
During what period did seedless vascular plants form extensive forests of tall trees? |
Carboniferous |
|
Which of the following is a trait unique to land plants? |
Walled spores produced in sporangia |
|
The embryophytes are __________. |
-land plants |
|
What characteristic of Sphagnum peatlands is responsible for their ability to inhibit decomposition? |
-Low pH -Low temperature -Phenolic compounds produced by Sphagnum -Low oxygen |
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The development of the __________ prevents plants from drying out and protects them from microbes. |
cuticle |
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Alternation of generations in all land plants is between __________. |
a multicellular haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism |
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The tissue called phloem has what function in vascular plants? |
Distribution of sugars, amino acids, and other organic products |
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In what way do megasporangia differ from microsporangia? |
Megasporangia produce spores that develop into female gametocytes, whereas microsporangia produce spores that develop into male gametophytes. |
|
Fern gametophytes are __________. |
free-living, multicellular organisms |
|
The antheridia of mosses produce __________. |
sperm |
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Evidence suggests that land plants arose from within which protist lineage? |
Charophytes |
|
vessel (gametangium: multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed. Female gametangia are called archegonia; male gametangia are called antheridia) |
-angio |
|
moss |
bryo- |
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plant (bryophyte: an informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants) |
-phyte |
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naked |
gymno- |
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seed (gymnosperm: a vascular plant that bears naked seeds—seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers) |
-sperm |
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different |
hetero- |
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a seed (heterosporous: referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes) |
-sporo |
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like (homosporous: referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which develops into a bisexual gametophyte) |
homo- |
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large (megaspores: a spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a female gametophyte) |
maga- |
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small |
micro- |
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leaf (microphyll: in lycophytes. a small leaf with a single unbranched vein) |
-phyll |
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around |
peri- |
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mouth (peristome: a ring of interlocking, toothlike structures on the upper part of the moss capsule, often specialized for gradual spore discharge) |
-stoma |
|
bearer (gametophore: the mature gamete- producing structure of a moss gametophyte) |
-phore |
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first |
proto- |
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thread (protonema: a mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores) |
-nema |
|
root |
rhizo |
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like, form (rhizoid: a long tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground) |
-oid |
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