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Why did English, French and Spanish settlers come to the Americas? |
-To flee Europe’s deadly epidemics -For an opportunity to seek riches -To be masters of their own labor |
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By the 1560s, Spain’s main focus in N America was to |
prevent other European states from establishing bases there, which could threaten Spain’s power |
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In the 1570s, Spain put the task of Indian pacification primarily in the hands of |
Missionaries |
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The Spanish Franciscan Missionaries |
Tried to impose cultural assimilation and forced labor along with religious conversion of indigenous peoples |
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Characteristics of native americans’ response to enforce Christianization in the Spanish Franciscan missions during the 17th century |
They tolerated the teachings of the missionaries but returned to their traditional gods when disaster struck their communities |
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Which of the following most encouraged migrants to New France? |
Generous terms for indentured servitude |
|
Champlain |
Quebec |
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As a result of the presence of French traders and explorers in the Great Lakes region during the 17th century |
a devastating series of wars erupted among tribes vying for the opportunity to trade animal skins for European-manufactured goods |
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In contrast to the Spanish missionaries, the French jesuits |
tried to understand the Indians’ values and worldview |
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Colonization was similar for the French and Spanish in that both |
were concerned with Christianizing the native peoples |
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Why did the Dutch merchants send Harry Hudson to N America? |
to locate a new source of fur |
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The Dutch colony of New Netherland |
failed to attract many settlers |
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The successful early English settlements were financed by |
merchants |
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The economic livelihood of Virginia in the 1700s was based on |
tobacco |
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During their first couple of years in the Jamestown colony, the English migrants |
suffered from famine and diseases that killed more than half the population |
|
Powhatan, leader of a confederation of about two dozen tribes in Virginia |
treated the English as potential allies and attempted to integrate the into his chiefdom |
|
The Virginia colonist John Rolfe |
introduced tobacco production in the colony |
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Result from the surprise Indian attack on the Virginia colony in 1622 |
James I revoked the charter of the Virginia Company and made it a royal colony |
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Common characteristic of royal colonies throughout English America |
-Appointed governors -Elected assemblies -An established Anglican church |
|
Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of Maryland, established that colony as a haven for |
Catholics |
|
The new colony of Maryland |
was a democracy from the outset, with full religious freedom |
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What effect did American tobacco have in England during the early colonial period? |
Although King James I initially condemned it, he later became a heavy smoker |
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What characterizes life in the 17th century Chesapeake region? |
Disease took such a toll that most children lost at least one parent before their 18th birthday |
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In early Virginia and Maryland, most indentured servants |
did not escape from poverty |
|
Africans in Virginia after the 1660s |
Africans were required to join local militias whenever a war with Indians erupted |
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The Navigation Acts |
permitted only English or colonial-owned ships to enter colonial ports |
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Life in the Chesapeake region after 1660 |
A wealthy, planter-merchant elite dominated the Chesapeake economy and owned half the land in Virginia |
|
The economic life of the Chesapeake region was dominated by |
planter-merchants |
|
William Berkeley |
aroused great resentment because of his corruption and political favoritism while governor of Virginia |
|
Bacon’s Rebellion |
showed how dissatisfied the western settlers of Virginia had become with the emerging planter-merchant elite |
|
What was the consequence of Bacon’s Rebellion? |
-Slavery began to replace indentured servitude -Taxes on yeomen and tenant farmers were lowered -Indians were removed from their treaty-guaranteed land along the frontier |
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The Indian Uprising and Bacon’s Rebellion were similar in that both |
led changed in the structure of the colony’s government |
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Why did Plymouth begin to thrive after its first year while Jamestown struggled for years? |
-The colder climate in Plymouth limited the spread of mosquito-bourne diseases -The religious discipline of the Plymouth settlers encouraged a stronger work ethic -A smallpox epidemic killed most of the local Wampanoag Indians near Plymouth |
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Description of Plymouth colony |
Unlike the adventurers who settled Virginia, the Pilgrims built small, solid houses and planted ample crops |
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When they settled in the New World, the Puritans |
pictured themselves as a select few chosen by God to preserve true Christianity in America |
|
The "City upon a hill" referred to |
Massachusetts Bay |
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One reason Roger Wilson was banished from Massachusetts Bay was the he |
questioned the morality and legality of the English seizure of native people’s land |
|
Anne Hutchinson |
was accused of heresy for teaching that believers did not need to obey church rules |
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Which New England colony required church membership in order to be able to vote? |
Massachusetts Bay |
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Common characteristic of both the Massachusetts Bay and the Connecticut Colonies? |
Their governments were controlled by landholding aristocracy |
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The most religiously tolerant colonies were |
Rhode Island and Maryland |
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What caused the Puritans’ "errand into the wilderness" to become permanent? |
the failure of the English Revolution |
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Devout Puritans, such as Cotton Mather, |
regularly explained unusual events as the result of supernatural forces |
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The majority of persons arrested on charges of witchcraft in Salem |
were women |
|
The Salem witchcraft trials were caused by |
-Economic tensions between poorer and wealthier residents -A broader Puritan effort to subordinate women -Political instability in Massachusetts Bay |
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The largest landholdings in New England usually belonged to wealthier families because |
men of higher social status tended to receive the largest land grants from their towns |
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The Pequot Indians |
attacked English farmers who had intruded onto their lands and then experienced near-extermination by a Puritan militia |
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The Puritans justified their invasion of the Native Americans’ land by |
interpreting epidemics that devastated Native American populations as a favorable sign from God |
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The Puritans believed that Native Americans |
had been placed in America by the devil to prevent the spread of the Gospel there |
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What characterizes the New England Puritans’ attitude and/or behavior toward Native Americans? |
The Puritans set very high standards for Indian converts and, therefore, only a few Indians became full church members |
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Metacom’s Rebellion (King Philip’s War) was |
an attempt to save Indian lands and culture in New England |
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Metacom’s Rebellion resulted in the |
death of about 25% of the Wampanoag Narragansett, and Nipmuck populations |
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An unforeseen consequence of the Indian trade with the Europeans was that |
the native peoples lost their cultural and economical independence |
|
A result of the fur trade in N America was |
-Wars among Indian tribes -A complex and contradictory change in the status of women among the Eastern woodland Indians -A profound altering of the environment |
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