apush ch 5

All of the following are reasons the thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies sought independence

Distinctive social structure, Distinctive economic structure, Distinctive political structures, and The appearance of a recognizably American way of life

One feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was

Their rapidly growing population

As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century

A momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to

The natural fertility of all Americans

The average age of the American colonist in 1775 was

16

By 1775, the following communities could be considered as full cities in colonial America

New York, Charleston, Philadelphia, Boston

By then end of the 1700s

90% of the people were living in rural areas of colonial America

With regard to the governmental authority

The Scots Irish colonists cherished no love for the British or any other government

By 1775,

The Africans were the largest non English ethnic group in colonial America

The population of the thirteen American colonies was

Perhaps the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo Saxon

The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was the middle colonies, whereas

New England was the least ethnically diverse

In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775

Colonial Americans had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility

By the mid 1700s, the number of poor people in the American colonies

Remained tiny compared with the number in England

On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased partly because

Some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers

During the colonial era all the following peoples created new societies out of diverse ethnic groups in America

English, Africans, Indians, French

All of the following conditions caused many Scots to migrate to Northern Ireland and thence to America

The poor quality of farmland in Scotland, The spread of commercial farming, Extremely high rent increase, and Paying taxes to support the Anglican church

The Scots Irish can be best described as

Fiercely independent

When the Scots Irish established a new community one of the first tasks they undertook was to

Erect a church

The Scots Irish found their protestant religion to be

A bond that held them together

The most honored profession in early colonial society was

Ministry

The least honored profession in early colonial society was

Medicine

The riches created by the growing slave population in the American south were

Not distributed evenly among whites

When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves

British authorities vetoed such efforts

By the eighteenth century, the various colonial regions had distinct economic identities

New England Colonies – fishing lumber and commerce, Middle colonies – Cattle and grain, Chesapeake colonies – tobacco, and Southern colonies – rice and indigo

The leading industry in the American colonies as a whole was

Agriculture

One of the surest avenues to speedy wealth in the American colonies was

A commercial venture

The triangular trade of colonial America shipping industry involved

Trade rum for slaves, then slaves for sugar in West Indies, then sugar for rum in New England

Manufacturing was a secondary economy activity of colonial America compared to

Fishing, commerce, farming, and slave trade

Although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance, they did produce

Rum, beaver hats, lumber, and iron

The major manufacturing enterprise in colonial America in the eighteenth century was

Lumbering

Tar, pitch, rosin and turpentine were considered to be

A naval store

One feature of the American economy that strained the relationship between the colonies and Britain was

The growing desire of Americans to trade with other nations in addition to Britain

When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1773

It intended the act to inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies

American colonists sought trade with countries other than Great Britain to

Make money to buy what they wanted in Britain

Transportation in colonial America was

Slow by any means available

Colonial American Taverns were considered to be

Another cradle of democracy, Hotbeds of agitation for the Revolutionary movement, Important in crystallizing public opinion, and Places providing amusement

English officials tried to establish the church of England in as many colonies as possible because

The church would act as a major prop for kingly authority

In 1775, the congregational and anglican churches were the only two established churches in colonial America

Congregational was tax supported by New England, and Anglican tax supported by South

The Presbyterian church was popular on the frontier especially with

The Scots Irish

As the Revolution approached

Presbyterian and Congregational ministers in general supported the Revolutionary case

By the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was

Less fervid than when the colonies first started

The religious doctrine of the Armenians held that individual free will determined a person’s eternal fate

Contrasted Puritans who believed in Calvinism which held that all were predestined. Armenianism was seen as a wearing of the puritan church

Jonathan Edwards was a powerful theologian in New England who

Began the Great Awakening

Benjamin Franklin was known as

A famous scientist from Pennsylvania

Phillis Wheatley was

A slave girl who was brought to Boston at age eight without formal education. Later published poetry

The new light preachers of the great awakening

Delivered intently emotional sermons

The Great Awakening

Undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies, Split colonial churches into several competing denominations, Led to the founding of Princeton Dartmouth and Rutgers, and was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people

The time honored English ideal, which Americans accepted for some time,

Regarded education as reserved for the aristocratic few

The first American college free from determined control was

The University of Pennsylvania, founded by Benjamin Franklin

All of the following contributed to the lack of development of art and artists in early colonial America

Simplicity of pioneering life, Lack of subjects to paint, Lack of patrons who could afford expensive art, and lack of art schools in America

Culture in colonial America was

Generally ignored and unappreciated

The person most often called the "first civilized American" was

Benjamin Franklin

All of the following are achievements of Benjamin Franklin

Lighting rod, Bifocal glasses, Highly efficient stove, Author of Poor Richards Almanac

The jury’s decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because

It pointed to the way to open public discussion

One political principle that colonial Americans came to cherish above most others was

Self taxation through representation

By 1775, most governors of American colonies were

Appointed by the king

Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because

Colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors’ salaries

In colonial elections the right to vote was reserved for

Property holders

By the mid eighteenth century, North American colonies shared all of the following similarities

Basically English in language, Protestant in religion, Opportunity for social mobility, and same degree of ethnic and religious toleration