anatomy 13

The ʺknee jerkʺ reflex is an example of a(n) ________.
A) extensor thrust reflex
B) stress reflex
C) cross extensor reflex
D) stretch reflex

D) stretch reflex

The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve.
A) ophthalmic
B) maxillary
C) cervical
D) mandibular

C) cervical

Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus?
A) median
B) phrenic
C) radial
D) ulnar

B) phrenic

Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS?
A) direct system
B) indirect system
C) projection level
D) CPG

D) CPG

The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________.
A) receptor level
B) circuit level
C) perceptual level
D) effector level

D) effector level

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.
A) obturator
B) common fibular
C) tibial
D) femoral

C) tibial

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________.
A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords
B) rami, divisions, cords, and trunks
C) divisions, rami, trunks, and cords
D) trunks, divisions, cords, and rami

A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords

The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________.
A) hypoglossal
B) accessory
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal

B) accessory

Which of the following is not a nerve plexus?
A) brachial
B) cervical
C) lumbar
D) thoracic

D) thoracic

A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________.
A) femoral
B) iliohypogastric
C) sciatic
D) ilioinguinal

A) femoral

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.
A) lumbar plexus
B) femoral plexus
C) sacral plexus
D) thoracic plexus

C) sacral plexus

The abducens nerve ________.
A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
B) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue
C) exits from the medulla
D) if paralyzed, exhibits Bellʹs palsy

A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Basic reflexes ________.
A) are rapid, predictable, learned responses
B) may be modified by learned behavior
C) are autonomic only
D) are always mediated by the brain

B) may be modified by learned behavior

Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc?
A) The center may be a single synapse between a motor and a sensory neuron.
B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons.
C) It is always located in the CNS.
D) The center is a simple reflex arc.

B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons.

Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________.
A) radial nerve
B) sciatic nerve
C) ulnar nerve
D) median nerve

C) ulnar nerve

Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct?
A) six cervical
B) twelve thoracic
C) six lumbar
D) eight sacral

B) twelve thoracic

Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________.
A) The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks
B) Only ventral rami form plexuses
C) Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve
D) The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus

B) Only ventral rami form plexuses

A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________.
A) Golgi tendon reflex
B) flexor reflex
C) crossed extensor reflex
D) plantar reflex

A) Golgi tendon reflex

Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________.
A) interoceptors
B) exteroceptors
C) proprioceptors
D) chemoreceptors

B) exteroceptors

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.
A) interoceptors
B) photoreceptors
C) nociceptors
D) proprioceptors

C) nociceptors

Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________.
A) are found primarily in connective tissue
B) are anatomically unencapsulated
C) are interoceptors
D) are mechanoreceptors

D) are mechanoreceptors

Which receptors adapt most slowly?
A) smell receptors
B) pressure receptors
C) nociceptors
D) touch receptors

C) nociceptors

The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain.
A) medial rectus muscle
B) lateral rectus muscle
C) superior rectus muscle
D) inferior rectus muscle

B) lateral rectus muscle

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.
A) afferent nerves
B) efferent nerves
C) motor nerves
D) mixed nerves

A) afferent nerves

After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________.
A) Wallerian cells
B) Schwann cells
C) dendrites
D) Golgi organs

B) Schwann cells

Regeneration within the CNS ________.
A) is more successful than with the PNS
B) typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm
C) is complicated by secondary demyelination
D) is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars

C) is complicated by secondary demyelination

In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.
A) also flex
B) extend
C) abduct
D) adduct

B) extend

Select the correct definition.
A) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation.
B) Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body.
C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.
D) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures.

C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face.

All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________.
A) pons
B) thalamus
C) reticular formation
D) medulla

B) thalamus

The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?
A) pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
B) posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial
C) pudendal and common fibular
D) common fibular and tibial

D) common fibular and tibial

The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________.
A) cervical plexus
B) brachial plexus
C) lumbar plexus
D) sacral plexus

D) sacral plexus

Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups.
A) cervical plexus
B) lumbar plexus
C) sacral plexus
D) thoracic plexus

A) cervical plexus

Bellʹs palsy ________.
A) is characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles
B) is characterized by loss of vision
C) is often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve
D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

Babinskiʹs sign is ________.
A) normal in an infant less than 4 years old
B) a reflex whose physiological mechanism is well understood
C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally
D) caused by incomplete development of the thalamus in the infant

C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally

A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs?
A) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor
B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
C) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor
D) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector

B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?
A) oculomotor
B) vestibulocochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial

B) vestibulocochlear

Transduction refers to conversion of ________.
A) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses
B) stimulus information to nerve impulses
C) receptor energy to stimulus energy
D) afferent impulses to efferent impulses

B) stimulus information to nerve impulses

________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway.
A) Touch
B) Pain
C) Temperature
D) Arousal

A) Touch

The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve?
A) radial
B) median
C) ulnar
D) musculocutaneous

D) musculocutaneous

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________.
A) trigeminal
B) facial
C) glossopharyngeal
D) trochlear

D) trochlear

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?
A) abducens
B) vestibulocochlear
C) trigeminal
D) accessory

B) vestibulocochlear

A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve?
A) glossopharyngeal
B) vagus
C) olfactory
D) accessory

C) olfactory

Select the statement that is most correct.
A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that are associated with efferent fibers.
B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.
C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure.
D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord.

B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons.

An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________.
A) neurofibromatosis
B) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy
C) paresthesia
D) sciatica

D) sciatica

Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull?
A) trigeminal
B) accessory
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal

A) trigeminal

The peripheral nervous system includes ________.
A) sensory receptors
B) basal nuclei
C) the spinal cord
D) the corpus callosum

A) sensory receptors

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.
A) Meissnerʹs corpuscles
B) Merkel discs
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) root hair plexuses

C) Pacinian corpuscles

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?
A) facial
B) glossopharyngeal
C) hypoglossal
D) accessory

A) facial

The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________.
A) spinal cord
B) thalamus
C) brain stem
D) cerebral cortex

D) cerebral cortex

The projection level of the brain does not include the ________.
A) basal nuclei
B) brain stem nuclei
C) reticular formation
D) cerebellum

A) basal nuclei

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?
A) complete loss of sensation
B) a complete loss of voluntary movement
C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control
D) a complete loss of sensation and movement

B) a complete loss of voluntary movement