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Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors? |
Cortisol |
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What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones? |
activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell |
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After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do? |
acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene |
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Which hormone’s receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty? |
thyroid hormone |
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What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor? |
chaperone proteins (chaperonins) |
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What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane? |
water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine |
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Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone? |
phosphodiesterase |
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Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor? |
tyrosine kinase receptors |
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Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins? |
activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP |
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Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum? |
IP3 |
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Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels? |
beta receptors |
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Which of the following occurs in situations where more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified? |
synergism |
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_____ is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present. |
permissiveness |
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