A&P 1 Chapter 7

What is the major function of the axial skeleton?

provide central support for the body and protect internal organs

The axial skeleton includes ________.

the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton?

bones of the face

Which of the following is the only bone that normally moves in relation to the others?

D

Which of the designated bones articulates with both the vomer and the nasal bones?

C

Which of the following pairings of letter to bone is INCORRECT?

parietal

Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones?

the maxilla

Which bone or pair of bones forms the superior portion of the cranium?

the parietal bones

1. Connects occipital and temporal bones.
2. Connects temporal and parietal bones.
3. Connects occipital and parietal bones.
4. Connects right and left parietal bones.
5. Connects parietal and frontal bones.

1. Occipitomastoid suture.Connects occipital and temporal bones. 2. Squamosal suture.Connects temporal and parietal bones. 3. Lambdoid suture.Connects occipital and parietal bones. 4. Sagittal suture.Connects right and left parietal bones. 5. Coronal suture.Connects parietal and frontal bones.

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ________.

sagittal

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parietal bones?

They form the base of the skull.

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture.

False

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek?

zygomatic bone

The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone.

False

Mastoiditis is most likely to result from an infection spreading from the throat.

True

The pituitary gland is housed in a saddlelike depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica.

False

Name the foramen at letter C.

foramen magnum

Which of the following bones are indicated by letters A, B, and D (in order)?

maxilla, zygomatic, and occipital

Identify the bone(s) that form(s) the majority of the hard palate and a keystone bone of the face.

A

The highlighted bone articulates with which other bone(s) of the skull?

temporal bone

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

perpendicular plate

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?

the sphenoid bone

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla.

False

Name the highlighted bone(s).

mandible, or mandibular bone

Which of these important processes is found on the highlighted bone?

coronoid process

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint.

Mandibular condyle

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible.

Mandibular fossa

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa.

A shallow depression

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle.

A projection on the mandible

Where is the mandibular fossa located?

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Most facial bones articulate with the __________.

maxillary bones

The __________ is the only bone in the body that does NOT directly articulate with any other bone.

hyoid bone

The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and ________.

maxilla

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit?

the temporal bone

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?

ethmoid

The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum.

tRUE

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?

hyoid bone

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

The vomer and ethmoid bones form part of the __________.

nasal septum

Which of the following bones do NOT contain a paired paranasal sinus?

the zygomatic bones

After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a headache just above her eyes and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structures probably became infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold?

The frontal sinus located in the frontal bone, and the right maxillary sinus located in the right maxilla

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones?

maxillae

Which of the following is NOT a function of the facial bones of the skull?

protect the brain from trauma

The lambdoid suture is located between which skull bones?

the parietal and occipital bones

The mandible is unique among the skull bones because of which of the following characteristics?

The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not joined to the other bones of the skull by immobile sutures.

In order to perceive the sense of smell, signals from odor receptors in the nasal cavity must be sent to the brain through which skull structures?

the cribriform foramina of the ethmoid bone

Which letter represents the cervical curvature?

A

Which of these curvatures on the spine are NOT present at birth but develop later?

A and C

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________.

prevent hyperextension of the spine

The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.

True

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?

to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine

Pregnant women may experience an exaggerated lordosis, or swayback. Which curvature is affected during pregnancy?

C

Which of the following is correctly matched?

scoliosis; abnormal lateral curvature

Sam is an accountant who is especially busy during tax season. By the end of each day he complains of shoulder stiffness and tightness, as well as some upper back pain. What might be Sam’s problem, and how could he prevent the discomfort?

Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in kyphosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper thoracic vertebral curve.

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

scoliosis

Which of the following is the normal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

lordosis

Lordosis only occurs in pregnant women.

False

During late pregnancy, women may exhibit temporary lordosis. This is advantageous because temporary lordosis _________.

makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra.

Body

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane.

Spinous process

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

Transverse process

What part of this vertebra is indicated by the letter B?

transverse process

Name the bone feature identified by the letter D.

vertebral foramen

To what region of the vertebral column does this vertebra belong?

thoracic

Which of the following is not a movement that can occur between vertebrae?

supination

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

True

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

Atlas

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".

Occipital bone – atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas – axis

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina.

False

1. : These bones have the thickest body (centrum) with short blunt spinous processes.
2. : The fused rudimentary tailbone.
3. : The bone that articulates with the occipital condyles.
4. : These bones have articular facets for the ribs.
5. : Allows the head to nod "yes."
6. : Allows the head to shake "no."

1. Lumbar vertebrae: These bones have the thickest body (centrum) with short blunt spinous processes. 2. Coccyx: The fused rudimentary tailbone. 3. Atlas: The bone that articulates with the occipital condyles. 4. Thoracic vertebrae: These bones have articular facets for the ribs. 5. Atlas: Allows the head to nod "yes." 6. Axis: Allows the head to shake "no."

Which vertebra does not have a body?

atlas

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.

costal facets

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae?

The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.

If a herniated disc in the lumbar region is treated by surgically removing the intervertebral disc and doing a bone graft between the adjoining vertebrae, one of the consequences might be _________.

reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

lumbar vertebrae; short, flat spinous processes

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

True

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

False

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

True

The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

False

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton?

5

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

the lumbar region

Which vertebrae would you expect to have the largest body, relative to the other regions?

lumbar

What portion of the sternum is identified by the letter A?

manubrium

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________.

there is little risk of physically damaging the heart

Why is the rib at B considered a true rib?

It passes from the vertebral column to the sternum via its own costal cartilage.

Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones?

the clavicle

Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebrae. Is this statement true or false?

False

Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.

True

What is the most specific term you could apply to the rib at D?

floating rib

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5

How many ribs make up the rib cage?

24

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.

head

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Tubercle

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

True

The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to ribs that attach to each other before they attach to the sternum.

True

Identify the common name for the clavicle.

Collarbone

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially.

sternum

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally.

Scapula

Identify the bone that makes up the pectoral girdle with the clavicle.

Scapula

Identify the specific process by which the clavicle develops.

Intramembranous ossification

The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas?

Appendicular skeleton

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula?

spine

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint.

Glenoid cavity

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle.

Acromion process

Which region of the scapula does articulate with another bone?

Acromion process

The scapula is the site of origin of a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Identify this muscle group.

rotator cuff

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone.

Coracoid process

Which of the following is a bony articulation for the scapula?

the acromion

Because of its large bony connection to the thoracic bones, the pectoral girdle is very stable. Is this statement true or false?

False

Which of the following bones is NOT part of pectoral girdle?

the humerus

Which of the following features of the humerus is NOT designated by a letter label?

medial epicondyle

The feature at letter C articulates with which bone?

scapula

What part of this bone articulates with the ulna?

D

Which of the following is a bone marking of the humerus?

deltoid tuberosity

The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the anatomical neck.

False

The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts the movement of the humerus but does increase the stability of the joint.

False

When you hit your elbow and say that you hit your "funny bone," you have actually hit a nerve that runs across the bone surface. Over which bone can this nerve be found?

humorous

The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones?

the radius and the ulna

Since a Colles’ fracture can occur when a falling person attempts to break the fall with outstretched hands, an X ray will typically show that, at the site of the fracture, the hand is displaced in a ____________ direction.

dorsal

Which forearm bone(s) contribute(s) most heavily to the elbow joint?

the ulna

In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius.

true

The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________.

a group of eight short bones united by ligaments

Which of the following statements is true?

The radius is the lateral bone in the forearm.

1. The fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two.
2. This bone articulates with the glenoid fossa.
3. Forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals.

1. PhalangesThe fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two. 2. HumerusThis bone articulates with the glenoid fossa. 3. RadiusForearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals.

People who work at computer keyboards all day repeatedly flex their wrists and fingers and therefore become susceptible to carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition in which inflammation of tissue causes tingling and pain. Which one of the following treatments will be least likely to reduce the pain?

squeezing tennis balls in both hands in order to strengthen the wrist and finger muscles

Which of the following is a bony articulation for the scapula?

the acromion