World History Chapter 19

Which of the following did NOT play a crucial role in making Britain the site of the first Industrial Revolution?

Over ninety-five percent of the population was literate.

By the middle of the nineteenth century, Henry Cort’s system of puddling had resulted in

Britain becoming by far the world’s leading IRON producer.

Great Britain depended almost entirely upon foreign investment to support its Industrial Revolution at the beginning.

False

Continuous, self-sustaining economic growth came to be accepted as a fundamental part of the new economy begun by the Industrial Revolution.

True

Children were discouraged from working in cotton mills because their smaller size did not allow them to move among the machines and they were too difficult to train to do complex factory work.

False

The Second Industrial Revolution opened the door to new jobs for women, particularly in service or white-collar jobs

True

Greece achieved its independence from the Austrian Empire in 1830.

False

The emergence of Britain’s Labour Party forced the Liberals to offer social welfare programs, a reverse of nineteenth-century liberal laissez-faire.

True

The unification of Germany in 1871 was the triumph of authoritarian and militaristic values over liberal constitutionalism.

True

The Industrial Revolution required large movements of people to urban areas

True

A significant difference between British and Continental industrialization was the use of joint-stock investment banks.

True

Over 75% of the Irish population was dependent on the potato for survival. ​

False

The ability to make yarn at a much faster pace

FLYING SHUTTLE.

The steam engine was developed by

James Watt.

The first steam-powered locomotive was pioneered by

Richard TreviTHIQQQQ

Continental European industrialization

began in Belgium, France, and the German states.

Government financial aid to industries

was a basic element of industrialization on the continent.

Industrial development in the United States before 1870

made no real impression on either the society or the economy.

A country which was forced to reduce its industrial production by a more powerful competitor was

India.

Although the population of London was one million in 1800, by 1850 it had swollen to

2,363,000

This act brought an end to the employment of children under nine years of age in Great Britain

the Factory Act of 1833

By aiming at establishing legitimacy and a traditional balance of power in European political affairs, Metternich and his associates at the Congress of Vienna were advocates of the ideology known as

conservatism.

The basic purpose of the Concert of Europe was to

maintain conservative political control over Europe.

Population in Europe during the nineteenth century

RAPID GROWTH

This brilliant inventor sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901.

Guglielmo Marconi

The British cotton manufacturer Robert Owens sought to:

establish a socialist utopian working environment.

All of the following are correct about nineteenth-century liberalism except

that it opposed limiting governmental power.

The key figure of Russian industrialization was

Sergei Witte.

Nationalism

was a potential threat to the existing political order.

Karl Marx believed that all of human history was the story of

the class struggle.

Marxist revisionists believe that

workers should organize mass political parties.

The Congress of Vienna in 1815

take steps to maintain Europe’s peace and stability.

Which of the following statements is not true about the revolutions of 1848 in Europe?

The overthrow of the tsar in Moscow initiated the series of upheavals.

The most multinational state in Europe in the nineteenth century, and thus the one most threatened by the new ideology of nationalism, was

AUSTRIA

The new Italian kingdom established in 1861

the result of the diplomatic and political work of Cavour and the military actions of Garibaldi.

The "Eastern Question" in the nineteenth century concerned the fate of

the Ottoman Empire.

The Eastern European state that gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830 was

Greece.

The Crimean War

isolated the Austrians from the rest of the great powers of Europe.

The policies of Otto von Bismarck before 1871

ignored domestic opposition and concentrated on foreign affairs.

Which of the following was NOT a result of the brief 1866 war between Austria and Prussia?

A Russian and Austrian defensive alliance defeated the French and British in the Balkans.

Which of the following was not a result of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870?

Louis Napoleon made himself Emperor of the Third Republic.

By 1871, in Great Britain all are true except

the largest political party was the Labour Party.

The Second Empire in France

was brought down by the disastrous 1870 war with Prussia.

The emancipation of the Russian serfs

left peasants under the authority of the village commune to ensure payment to the State for land.

In the early twentieth century, a flashpoint for major violence was the

Balkans

The territory annexed by Austria in 1908, which enraged Serbia, was

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Which of the following was NOT an impediment to industrialization on the Continent?​

Establishment of technical schools to train mechanics and engineers.

Overpopulation magnified existing problems of poverty and lack of resources in all of the following countries EXCEPT​

Italy

The original role of the bourgeoisie was

a town dweller of economic means.

The worst conditions for the industrial working class were found in

cotton mills.

In Self Help, Samuel Smiles espoused the belief that ​

​people succeeded through their own efforts and moral behavior.

All of the following were advantages of using children for labor EXCEPT:​

children were more educated after the requirement of mandatory education.

The goal of early utopian socialists was (to)​

replace competition for cooperation within industry.

The largest and most successful of the new trade unions was the

​Amalgamated Society of Engineers

In the mid-ninteenth century, the use of electricity spawned all of these new inventions​ EXCEPT:

spinning machines.

Besides the internal combustible engine, what made the automotive industry expand rapidly was

Ford’s mass production

Which of the following European countries did NOT benefit from an advanced industrialized core?​

Spain

All of the following approaches by Japan are different in their industrialization EXCEPT​

​adherence to a laissez-faire philosophy.

Great Britain avoided the common problem of revolution in the nineteenth century by

​increasing the number of male voters

The majority of soldiers in the Crimean War died of ​

​disease (mainly cholera)

The Red Shirt army of Italy was led by ​

Giuseppi Garabaldi

Which of the following about politics in Great Britain by the early twentieth century is FALSE?

​Queen Victoria reluctantly agreed to enter into war with Germany.

In Russia, reforms focused on industrialization and parliamentary institutions were advocated by which group?​

Westernizers