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Do vitamins provide energy? |
No |
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Do vitamins serve as components of body tissue? |
No |
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What foods help to boost vitamin intake? |
5 servings of fruits and vegetables |
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How many vitamins have been discovered? |
14 |
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What is the primary function of vitamins? |
they activate enzymes (serve as co-enzymes) in the conversion of macronutrients in to energy |
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What are coenzymes involved in? |
reactions that build and maintain body tissues such as bone, muscle, epithelial cells and red blood cells |
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Are vitamins considered essential? |
Yes because the body can’t produce enough |
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Which vitamins are fat soluble? |
A D E and K |
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Since ADEK are insoluble in water, what is required for digestion |
bile |
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What is required for ADEK vitamins to be transported? |
Chylomicrons |
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Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? |
fatty tissues and liver |
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What purpose do the fat soluble vitamins serve? |
structural and regulatory processes in the body |
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Which vitamins are water soluble |
B vitamins and vitamin C |
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What are the primary functions of water soluble vitamins? |
act as co-enzymes |
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Where do the water soluble vitamins travel? |
They travel freely in circulation and cells |
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Do fat soluble or water soluble vitamins have higher toxicity? |
Fat soluble |
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When is there an increased need for water soluble vitamins? |
during pregnancy, lactation, growth, fevers, injury, surgery and alcoholism |
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Is deficiency more likely in water soluble or fat soluble vitamins? |
in water soluble vitamins and it takes less time to develop |
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What is Vitamin A needed for? |
-eyesight – part of rhodopsin (visual pigment) -epithelial cells -needed in immune system -bone health and growth |
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What are sources for vitamin A? |
-animal foods (preformed vitamin A) -Beta carotene is a precursor to vitamin A -orange, yellow, green veggies/fruits -fortified milk |
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What are the functions of Vitamin D? |
Bone growth and helps maintain blood calcium |
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What are the deficiency diseases of Vitamin D? |
rickets and osteomalacia (weak bones) |
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What are sources of Vitamin D? |
fortified milk and sunlight |
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What are the functions of Vitamin E? |
may reduce the risk of heart disease -antioxidant |
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What are the sources of Vitamin E? |
widespread in plants 60% of american diet comes from nut and seed oils |
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What is Vitamin K involved in? |
blood clotting |
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What are the deficient diseases of Vitamin K? |
possibly uncontrolled bleeding – hemorrhage |
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What are sources of Vitamin K? |
dark green leafy vegetables (spinach) and liver produced by bacteria in the intestines |
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What is the function of Thiamin (b1) |
energy metabolism |
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What is the deficiency disease of Thiamin (b1)? |
Beriberi |
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What is the function of Riboflavin (b2) |
energy metabolism |
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Is there any toxicity in Riboflavin (b2)? |
None reported |
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What are sources for Riboflavin (b2)? |
milk |
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How is Riboflavin destroyed? |
UV light |
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What is the function of Niacin (Vitamin b3) |
energy metabolism may lower LDL and increase HDL |
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What is the deficiency disease for Niacin (vitamin b3)? |
Pellagra |
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What are some sources of Niacin |
high protein foods |
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What is the function of folate? |
new cell synthesis |
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What is the deficiency disease of folate? |
megaloblastic anemia |
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What are some sources of folate? |
fortified grains |
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How much of folate can prevent 2/3 of cases of neural tube defects? |
400 mg |
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What are the functions of vitamin C? |
collagen synthesis, antioxidant, enhances iron absorption |
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What is the deficiency disease associated with vitamin C? |
Scurvy |
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What are some sources of vitamin c? |
citrus fruits, vegetables and fruits |
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Who should take multi vitamin supplements? |
pregnant and lactating women, women with heavy menstrual bleeding, women of childbearing age/premenopausal women, smokers, people who abuse alcohol, people with restricted or limited diets, vegetarians, individuals with limited milk intake and or sun exposure, older adults, compromised immune function, some infants |
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Which vitamins are antioxidants? |
beta carotene, Vitamin E and vitamin C |
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What do antioxidants do? |
prevent or repair damage to cells caused by free radicals |
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What are precursors? |
beta carotene is a precursor to vitamin a -they can be converted into another nutrient |
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