The twentieth Century and Beyond

In music, the early twentieth century was a time of

Revolt and change

Which of the following statements is not true?

Twentieth-century music follows the same general principles of musical structure as earlier periods

The most famous riot in music in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of

Igor Stravinsky’s the rite of spring

All of the following composer worked in the early years of the twentieth century except

Hector Berlioz

Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from

All answer are correct A. Folk and popular music from all cultures B. The music of Asia and Africa c. European art music from the middle ages through the nineteenth century

Twentieth-Century composers incorporated elements of folk and popular music within their personal styles because

They were attracted to the unconventional rhythms, sounds, and melodic patterns

A great twentieth-century composer who was also a leading scholar of the folk music of his native land was

Bela Bartok

Which of the following composers was not stimulated by the folklore of his native land?

Anton Webern

Which of the following statements is not true?

Composers in the early twentieth century drew inspirations only from serous art music and their own intellect, ignoring popular and folk music

In twentieth-century music

Percussion instruments have become very prominent and numerous

The glissando, a technique widely used in the twentieth century, is

A rapid slide up or down a scale

Among the unusual playing techniques that are widely used during the twentieth century is the __________, a rapid slide up or down a scale.

Glissando

In modern music

All answers are correct A. Instruments are played at the very top or bottom of their ranges. B. Uncommon playing techniques have become normal C. Noiselike and percussive sounds are often used.

A piano is often used in twentieth-century orchestral music to

Add a percussive edge

which of the following is not an alternative to the traditional organization of pitch used by twentieth-century composers?

Tonic-dominant harmonies

The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as

A polychord

A fourth chord is

A chord in which the tones are fourth apart, instead of a third.

A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as

A tone cluster

Striking a group of adjacent keys on a piano with the fist or forearm will result in

A tone cluster

To create fresh sounds, twentieth-century composer used

All the answers are correct A. Scales borrowed from nonwestern cultures B. Scales they themselves invented C. ancient church modes D. all answers are correct

The technique of using two or more tonal centers at the same time is called

Polytonaity

The absence of the key or tonality in a musical composition is known as

Atonality

Using all twelve tones without regard to their traditional relationship to major or minor scales, avoiding traditional chord progressions, is known as

Atonality

The first significant atonal pieces were composed around 1908 by

Arnold Schoenbery

The use of two or more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time is known as

Polyrhythm

Ostinato refers to a

Motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section

A motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section is called

Ostinato

Recording of much lesser-known music multiplied in 1948 through

The appearance of long-playing disks

Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the

1920’s

The first opera created for television was Gian-Carlo Menotti’s

Amahl and the night visitors

Composers from which area rose to importance during the twentieth century?

Latin America

Which of the following countries did not produce an important composer in the Twentieth Century?

Ecuador

One of the most important teachers of musical composition in the twentieth century was

Nadia Boulanger

The most influential organization sponsoring new music after world war 1 was

The international society for contemporary music

During the first quarter of the Twentieth Century many composers left Russia because of

the violence of the Russian Revolution.

Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements

France

The most important impressionist composer was

Claude Debussy

the term impressionist derived from a critic’s derogatory to impression: Sunrise, a painting by

Claude Monet

When viewed closely, impressionist painting are made up of

Tiny colored patches

Impressionist painters were primarily concerned with the effect of light, color, and

atmosphere

The impressionist painter were particularly obsessed with portraying

Water

Which of the following Is not considered a symbolist poet?

Victor Hugo

Which of the following statement is not true?

The impressionist painter were painter were particularly obsessed with portraying scenes of ancient French glories

Many of Debussy’s songs are set to poems by the symbolist poet

Stephane Mallarme

A dramatic turning point in Debussy’s career came in 1902 when

His opera pelleas et melisandre was premiered

which of the following characteristics is not usually associated with impressionism?

clearly delineated forms

Debussy’s music tends to

Sound free and almost improvisational

Impressionism in music is characterized by

a stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity

In order to " drown the sense of tonality," Debussy

All answers are correct A. turned to the medieval church modes B. Borrowed pentatonic scales from Javanese music C. developed the whole-tone scale D. all answer are correct

A scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is called a ______scale.

Whole-tone

Debussy’s opera pelleas et melisandre is an almost word-for-word setting of the symbolist play by

Maurice maeterlinck

In which of the following areas did Debussy not create masterpieces?

Symphonies

The poem that inspired the prelude to "The afternoon of a faun" was written by

Stephane Mallarme

The faun evoked in Debussy’s famous composition is a

creature who is half man, half goat

the neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years

1920-1950

which of the following statements concerning neoclassicism is not true?

Neoclassical composers reacted against twentieth-century harmonies and rhythms, and preferred to revive old forms and styles exactly as they were.

which of the following is not characteristic of neoclassicism?

Misty atmosphere

Neoclassical composers favored

Clear polyphonic textures

Neoclassical compositions are characterized by

Forms and stylistic features od earlier periods

Neoclassical composers modeled many of their works after the compositions of

Johann Sebastian Bach

Neoclassicism was a reaction against

romanticism and impressionism

The painter who designed the sets for Stravinsky’s pulcinella, and who went through a phrase that showed the influence of ancient Greek art, was

Pablo Picasso

Igor Stravinsky, at the age of twenty-one, began to study composition privately with

Arnold Schoenberg

Stravinsky’s life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet,

Sergei Diaghiley

Sergei Diaghilev was a famous

Ballet impresario

The immense success of Stravinsky’s 1910 ballet _____________ established him as a leading young composer

The firebird

The famous riot in 1913 was caused by the first performance of Stravinsky’s ballet

The rite of spring

Stravinsky’s enormous influence on twentieth-century music is due to his innovations in

All answers are correct A. Rhythm B. Harmony C. Tone color D. all answers

which of the following ballets is not from Stravinsky’s Russian period ?

Pulcinella

Stravinsky’s second phase is generally known as

Neoclassical

During the period about 1920 to 1951, Stravinsky drew inspiration largely from

eighteenth-century music

in the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style, drawing inspiration from

Anton Webern

In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style to favor

The twelve-tone system

The deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds is known as

Primitivism

le sacre du printemps(The rite of spring) is an example

Primitivism

Igor Stravinsky’s rite of spring is scored for

An enormous orchestra

The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years

1905-1925

The twentieth-century artistic movement that stressed intense, subjective emotion was called

Expressionism

Expressionism as an artistic movement was largely centered in

Germany and Austria

Expressionism grew out of the same intellectual climate as Freud’s studies of

Hysteria and the unconscious

Twentieth-century musical expressionism grew out of the emotional turbulence in the works of late romantics such as

All answers are correct A. Richard Wagner B. Richard Strauss C. Gustav Mahler D. All answer are correct

One of the immediate predecessors of expressionism was the composer

Richard Strauss

Richard Strauss’s operas Salome and Elektra were known for their

Chromatic and dissonant music

The operas of Richard Strauss use chromaticism and dissonance to depict

Perversion and murder

Expressionist painters, writers, and composers used____________ to assault and shock their audience.

Deliberate distortions

Distortion is a technique used primarily in the ______period.

Expressionist

Which of the following statements is not true ?

Expressionist artists favored pleasant subjects, delicate pastel colors, and shimmering surfaces

Expressionism is an art concerned with

Social protest

All of the following painters may be considered part of the expressionist movement except

Claude Monet

The expressionists rejected

Conventional prettiness

expressionist composers

Avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions

Schoenberg’s teacher was

Himself

Schoenberg’s first musical hero was

Johannes brahms

Schoenberg acquired his profound knowledge of music by

All answer are correct A. going to concerts B. Playing in amateur chamber groups C. Studying scores D. All answers are correct

Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Arnold Schoenberg’s

Students

When Schoenberg arrived in the united states after he Nazi seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at

UCLA

Schoenberg’s third period, in which he developed the twelve-tone system began around

1921

An early expressive kind of declamation midway between song and speech, introduced during the expressionist period, is

Sprechstimme

Schoenberg develop an unusual style of vocal performance, halfway between speaking and singing, called

Sprechstimme

The ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called a

All answers are correct A.Series B. Tone row C. Set D. All answers are correct

Which of the following terms is not used to describe the special ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in twelve-tone composition?

Polychord

The text of A survivor from Warsaw

All answers are correct A. Was written by Schoenberg B. Is partly based on direct report of a survivor of the Warsaw ghetto C. Is set to a kind of speech-singing D. All answers are correct

A survivor from Warsaw used three languages: English, German, and

Hebrew

When he was nineteen, Alban Berg began to study music privately with

Arnold Schoenberg

Which of the following statements is not true?

Typical of expressionist composer, berg scored his opera Wozzeck for a small chamber orchestra.

Which of the following is not a composition by Alban Berg ?

Gurrelieder

Georg Buchner’s play Woyzeck was written in the

1830s

The vocal lines in Wozzeck include

All answers are correct A. Distorted folk songs B. Speaking C. Sprechstimme D. all answers are correct

Anton Webern

Earned a doctorate in music history from the university of Vienna

Webern’s melodic lines are

"Atomized" into two-or-three-note fragments

Anton Webern’s twelve- tone works contain many examples of

Strict polyphonic imitation

Webern’s five pieces for orchestra are scored for

A chamber orchestra of eighteen soloists.

Bela Bartok principal performing medium was

The piano

From 1907 to 1934 Bela Bartok taught_________ at his alma mater, and gave recitals throughout Europe.

Piano

Bela Bartok was a leading authority on

Peasant music

Bela Bartok evolved a completely individual style that fused folk elements with

All answers are correct A. Changes of meter and a powerful beat. B. Twentieth-century sounds. C. Classical forms D. all answers are correct

The melodies Bela Bartok used in most of his work are

Original themes that have a folk flavor.

While not rejecting any influences, Bela Bartok emphasized that the strongest influence on his music was

Hungarian

Bela Bartok’s___________ are widely thought to be the finest since those of Ludwig van Beethoven

String quartets

While remaining within the framework of tonal center, Bela Bartok often used______ in his music.

All of these A. Harsh dissonances B. Polychords C. tone clusters

Bela Bartok’s Concerto for orchestra

all answer are correct A. is his most popular work B. received its title because it was written for an orchestra of virtuosi C. Is romantic in spirit because of its emotional intensity, memorable themes, and vivid contrasts

Charles Ives father was a(n)

Bandmaster

After graduating from Yale, Charles Ives

went into the insurance business

During most of his lifetime , Charles Ives’s musical compositions

Accumulated in the barn of his Connecticut farm

Charles Ives’s music contains elements of

All answers are correct A. Revival hymns and ragtime B. patriotic songs and barn dances C. village bands and church choirs

which of the following compositions is not by Charles Ives?

An American in Paris

Charles Ives’s large and varied output includes works in many genres, but not

operas

Putman’s camp, Redding , Connecticut, is a movement from Charles Ives’s

Three Places in new England

Putnam’s Camp, Redding, Connecticut, is a child’s impression of

A Fourth Of July picnic

Putnam’s Camp Redding, Connecticut, illustrates Charles Ives’s technique of quoting snatches of familiar tunes by presenting fragments of

Yankee Doodle

George Gershwin grew up in

New York, New York

Gershwin left high school at the age of fifteen to

Become a pianist demonstrating new songs in a publisher’s salesroom

Gershwin’s first piano teacher was

Himself

which of the following musicals is not by George Gershwin?

Funny girl

which of the following works is not by George Gershwin?

The desert song

The Gershwin song that became a tremendous hit in 1920 was

Swanee

George Gershwin usually collaborated with the lyricist

Ira Gershwin

Porgy and Bess is a (n)

opera

Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue opens with

A solo clarinet

"Harlem Renaissance" was the name

Sometimes given to a flowering of African American culture during the years 1917-1935

William Grant still

Played the violin in the university string Quartet while a college student

After serving in the navy and a brief return to studies at Oberlin College, William Grant still moved to New York where he

Made a band arrangements and played in the orchestras of all- black musical shows

As a result of his studies in composition with composers from two opposing musical camps, the conservative George Whitefield Chadwick and the modernist Edgard varese, Still

Turned away from Avant- garde styles and wrote compositions with a uniquely African American flavor

William Grant Still’s works in African American style, such as his Afro-American symphony of 1931, were

Performed to critical acclaim in New York

As a composer, William Grant Still

Wrote film scores, concert works, operas, and band arrangements

William grant Stills Afro-American Symphony

Uses a blues theme in the first movement which reappears as a unifying thread in various transformations in the three movements.

William Grant Still’s opera dealing with the Haitian slave rebellion is

Troubled Island

The flowering of African American culture called the "Harlem Renaissance" spanned the years

1917-35

Each movement of William Grant Still’s Afro-American symphony is prefaced by lines from a poem by

Paul Laurence Dunbar

Aaron Copland was born in

Brooklyn, New York

In 1921 Copland went France, Where he was the first American to study composition with

Nadia Boulanger

In 1925, After Copland returned from France, American music meant

Jazz

Iin 1925, and for a few years afterward , Copland’s music showed the influence of

Jazz

Aaron Copland’s name has become synonymous with American music because of his use of

Revival hymns, cowboy songs, and other folk tunes

Which of the following works was not composed by Aaron Copland ?

An American in Paris

Which of the following works was not composed by Aaron Copland?

Concord Sonata

An example of Copland’s use of serialist technique is

Connotations for Orchestra

In addition to his compositions, Copland made valuable Contributions to music in American by

All answer are correct A. Directing composer’s groups B. Writing books and magazine articles C. Organizing concerts of American Music

Appalachian Spring Originated as a

Ballet Score

Appalachian spring originated as a ballet score for the great modern dancer and choreographer

Martha Graham

Copland depicted "Scenes of daily activity for the bride and her Farmer-husband" in Appalachian spring through

Five variations on the shaker melody simple gifts

Alberto Ginastera, one of the most prominent Latin- American composers of the 20th century, was born in

Argentina

One of Ginastera’s early works, Estancia suite, is

Nationalistic and users Argentinean folk material , including popular dances

Ginastera’s Estancia suite was originally conceived as in

Ballet

Alberto Ginastera’s estancia suite uses a large orchestra and is in __________ movements.

Four

The last movement of Ginastera’s Estancia Suite, titled " Final Dance: Malambo", makes use of an ______form.

AA’B

In 1945 Ginastera moved to the united states where he had the opportunity to study with the well known American Composer

Aaron Copland

Since World War 2, musical styles have

Taken many new directions and changes

Composer John Adams believes that today’s Composers can draw from

A wide Variety of styles and periods

All of the following are major developments in music since 1950 except the

Continued composition of symphonies in the classical style

Composers began to shift from tonality to the twelve-tone system because

They discovered it was a compositional technique rather than a special musical style

The twelve-tone composer whose style was most imitated in the 1950s and 1960s was

Anton Webern

Serialism is a compositional in which

A series of five pitched could be constantly repeated

Twelve-tone Compositional techniques used to organize rhythm , Dynamics, tone color, and other dimensions of music to produce totally controlled and organized music are called

Serialism

A major composer associated with the serialist movement is

Milton Babbitt

All of the following are proponents of serialism except

Pierre Boulez

In chance, or aleatory music the composer

choose pitches, tone color, and rhythms by random methods

An example of aleatoric music is

John Cage’s Imaginary Landscape No. 4 for twelve radios

Minimalism as an artistic movement was a

reaction against the complexity of serialism and the randomness of chance music

Which of the following characteristics is not true of minimalist music ?

A fast rate of change

Minimalist music is characterized by

A steady pulse , clear tonality , and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns

Which of the following is not primarily known as a minimalist composer ?

George Crumb

Minimalist music grew out of the same intellectual climate as minimalist art, which features

simple forms, clarity , and understatement

Many composers since the mid-1960s have made extensive use of quotations from earlier music as an attempt to

Improve communication between the composer and the listener

since 1950 many composers have returned to

Tonal music

composers who have returned to the use of tonality have been called

"New Romantics"

Some works composed since 1945 are both

Tonal and atonal

Intervals smaller than the half steps are called

Microtones

Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n)

Grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper, and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys

Ionisation , the first important work for percussion ensemble , was composed by

Edgard Varese

Edgard Varese’s Poeme electronique

All of the answers are correct A. Was designed for the 1958 Brussels World Fair B. Was one of the earliest masterpieces of electronic music created in a tape studio C. Was composed in collaboration with the famous architect Le Corbusier

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich is a

Pulitzer Prize- winning American composer

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for music for her composition

Symphony NO. 1

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich’s concerto Grosso 1985 is an example of

Quotation music

Which of the following compositions was not composed by john Adams ?

Einstein on the beach

John Adams’s short ride in a fast machine is scored for a

Large symphonic orchestra and two synthesizers

Leonard Bernstein was a well-known

All answer are correct A. Composer of orchestral and vocal works B. Author-lecturer C. conductor

The composer, conductor, and pianist who began his spectacular career as substitute conductor of the new York philharmonic on only a few hour’s notice was

Leonard Bernstein

In addition to his famous musical Leonard Bernstein also wrote successful

All answers are correct A. Ballets B. Choral works C.Symphonies

Leonard Bernstein was influence, particularly in his ballets , by

Stravinsky and Copland

Which of the following musical is not by Leonard Bernstein?

Cats

The musical loosely based on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is

West side story