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The five Characteristics of Life |
1. Cells 2. Obtain and Use Energy 3. Reproduction 4. Respond to the Environment 5. Adapt/Evolve |
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Cells |
1. Cell- A basic unit of structure and function. Example- Bone cells 2. Multicellular- Consisting of more than one cell Examples- Humans, Lions, etc. 3. Unicellular- Consisting of one cell Examples: Bacteria, Archaea, etc. |
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Levels of Organization |
1.Cells- Basic units of structure and function in living things. Examples- Skin cells, Bone cells, etc. 2.Tissues- Gathering of cells in new organisms. Examples- Nerve and Muscle tissues 3. Organs- A group of tissues that perform a specific job. Examples- Heart, Roots/Stems. 4. Organ System- A group of organs that get together to do a particular task. Examples- Muscular System, Cardiovascular System, Skeletal System. 5. Organism- An individual living that can react and reproduce. Examples- Bacteria, Humans, etc. |
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Reproduction |
1. Sexual Reproduction- The production of living organisms to make a new organism. 2. Asexual Reproduction- The process of which single organisms can reproduce without aid of another. 3. The ability to produce to new organisms of the same type |
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Abiogenesis |
The study of how biological life could arise from one inorganic matter. |
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Biogenesis |
The production of living organisms from another living thing. |
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Obtain and Use Energy |
Metabolism- Sum of all of the chemical reactions of the body. |
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Anabolism |
The process involving a sequence of chemical reactions that constructs or synthesizes molecules from smaller units. Example- Photosynthesis |
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Catabolism |
Breakdown of complex substances. Examples- Proteins to Amino Acids, breaking down of glucose to ATP, etc. |
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Autotroph/producer |
An organism that can make its own food. e.g. plants, bacteria and algae. |
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Heterotroph/consumer |
An organism that obtains food by eating other organisms. e.g. lions, fish, tigers, humans etc. |
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Respond to the environment |
Irritability- the ability to react fast or slow. |
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Stimulus |
Anything in the environment that causes organism to react. e.g. light, temperature, odor, sound, gravity, heat, water, and pressure. |
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Response |
How an organism reacts to its change. |
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Homeostasis |
The organism’s ability to regulate its internal conditions. |
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Adapt and evolve |
Adaptation- An inherited trait that would help the organism’s ability to reproduce and survive. |
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Evolution |
The process of change. A genetic change in a species over a long time frame. e.g. The black beetles vs. the white beetles. Wolves with thick fur vs. wolves with thin fur. |
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Natural selection |
Survival of the fittest (The organisms that have the best traits will be more likely to survive.) |
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The diagram of life |
1. Birth/G&D 2. Maturity(able to reproduce) 3. Decline 4. Death |
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