Technology in Action Chapter 11

_____ fields hold things such as pictures and video clips

OLE Object

__________ view is used to enter field properties and data types.

Design

A _____ enables users to view or enter data one record at a time.

Form

a category of data

field

A category of information about students, such as their phone numbers, would be stored in a(n) _____

field

a category of information in a database

field

A collection of data

Table

a collection of objects

database

A database ____ organizes information into fields and records.

Table

a field that has a value unique to each record

primary key

a group of related fields

record

A group of related fields is called a(n) ___

record

a group of related records

table

A group of related records is called a(n) _____

table

a link between tables that defines how the data is connected

relationship

A One to Many relationship is indicated by a 1 at one end of the join line and __________ at the other end.

infinity sign (∞)

A query that extracts data from more than one table is called a(n) _____ query.

multi-table

A Short Text field can store no more than 100 characters.

False

A system that’s designed to help perform routine daily tasks is known as (a)n

office support system.

A type of data validation that would ensure the number of hours worked for an employee is greater than 0 but less than or equal to 40 is called a

range check.

A(n) _____ is a collection of related data that can be easily stored, organized, and queried.

database

A(n) ______ database stores in more than two dimensions

multidimensional

All of the following are types of basic database objects EXCEPT __________.

lists

All of the following is TRUE about a Query EXCEPT ____

it is a professional printed presentation

allows editing of individual records

form

Alphabetic Check

Confirms that only texlual characters are entered in a field.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Is the branch of computer science that deals with the attempt to create computers that think like humans.

Attachment

The Attachment field type is used to store images, spreadsheet files, documents, charts, and other types of supported files to the records in your database.

AutoNumber

An AutoNumber field creates unique values automatically when Access creates a new record. The AutoNumber field is primarily used for primary keys in Access.

Autonumber Datatypes are generally used for calculation fields such as price.

False

Batch processing

The accumulation of transaction data until a certain point is reached, at which time several transactions are processed at once

batch processing

The accumulation of transaction data until a certain point is reached, at which time several transactions are processed at once.

Before a multi-table query can be created, a __________ must first be established between the tables.

relationship

Before you begin to create a database using Access, you should do all of the following EXCEPT __________.

plan the hierarchy of your records

Being able to use data from two or more tables by linking their common fields involves establishing a ____

relationship

Binary Large Object (BLOB)

Data enclosed in binary form.

Browsing

An option with most databases where you view records.

business intelligence systems

Systems used to analyze and interpret data in order to enable managers to make informed decisions about how best to run a business.

But, if I include the primary key of one table in the other table, won’t I have two primary keys for a record?

When the primary key of one table is included in another table to establish a relationship between the two tables, it is called a foreign key in the related table.

Calculated

Data created with a formula. Use a Calculated field when a calculated value will be used in many queries, forms, and reports.

Calculated field (or computed field)

A numeric field that stores the contents of a calculation, which is generated with a formula in the numeric field.

Changing the field type may result in the loss of data

True

clickstream data

Software used on company websites to capture information about each click that users make as they navigate through the site.

completeness check

Ensures that all fields defined as "required" have data entered into them.

Computational Field (Calculated Field)

Is a numeric field that stores the contents of a calculation, which is generated with a formula in the numeric field.

Consistency Check

Compaires the value of data in two or more fields to see if these values are reasonable.

Currency

The Currency data type stores values in a monetary format.

Data __________ is the duplication of data in a database and should be avoided.

redundancy

Data Centealization

Ensuring integrity, instead of being in multipal lists that have to be maintained, the information is maintained in only one place.

data centralization

Ensuring data integrity; instead of being in multiple lists that have to be maintained, the information is maintained in only one place.

data centralization

When data is maintained in only one file.

data dictionary (database schema)

A map of a database that defines the features of the fields in the database.

data dictionary (or database schema)

Description of the data. This description is contained in the database’s files.

data inconsistency

Each time the information in the list changes, multiple lists must be updated and if not, then inconsistent data results.Data for a record being different in two different lists.

Data Integrity

When the data contained in the database is accurate and reliable.

Data mart

Small slices of a data warehouse grouped together and separated from the main body of data in the data warehouse so that related sets of data can be analyzed

Data Mining

Is the porcess by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated. The objective is to spot significant patterns or trends within the data that would otherwise not be obvious.

data redundancy

Duplicated data between lists.

Data Staging

Source data must be "staged" before entering the data warehouse. The act of formatting data from source databases before fitting it into a data warehouse; it consists of three steps: extraction, transformation, and storage.

data type (field type)

(1) Describes the kind of data being stored at the memory location; each programming language has its own data types (although there is some degree of overlap). (2) In a database, indicates what type of data can be stored in a field and prevents the wrong type of data from being entered into the field.

Data Type (Field Type)

Indicates what type of data can be stored in the field.

Data warehouse

A large-scale collection of data that contains and organizes in one place all the data from an organization’s multiple databases

Database

Collection of related data that can be easily stored, sorted, organized and queried.

database administrator (or database designer)

An individual trained in the design and building of databases, to assist with the construction of large databases.

Database Managment System (DBMS)

Specially designed application software (such as Oracle Database or Microsoft Access) that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database to capture and analyze data.

database query

A question you ask the database so that it provides you with the records you wish to view.

database-management system (DBMS)

Specially designed application software (such as Oracle Database or Microsoft Access) that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database to capture and analyze data.

Date/Time

The Date/Time field allows storage of date and time information.

Date/Time Field

Holds data such as Birthdays and Due Dates.

decision support system (DSS)

A type of business intelligence system designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems.

Default Value

The value the database uses for the field unless the user enters another value.

detail report

A report generated by a management information system that provides a list of the transactions that occurred during a certain time period.

enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

A business intelligence system that accumulates in a central location all information relevant to running a business and makes it readily available to whoever needs it to make decisions.

exception report

A report generated by a management information system that shows conditions that are unusual or that need attention by system users. 2: Shows conditions that are unusal or that need attention by users of the system.

expert system

A system that tries to replicate the decision-making processes of human experts in order to solve specific problems.

Export

Involves putting it into an electronic file in a format that another application can understand.

External Data Source

Is any source now owned by the company that owns the DSS, such as customer demographic data purchased from third parties, mailing lists, or staistic compiled by the federal government.

Field

The component of a database in which the database stores each category of information

field constraint

A property that must be satisfied for an entry to be accepted into the field.

Field Name

An identifying name assigned to each field in a database.

field properties

In an Access database table, the field name, data type, and other data elements.

Field Size

Defines the maximum number characters or numbers that a field can hold.

Filter

In a database, temporarily displays records that match the certain criteria

Foreign Key

The primary key of another table that is included for purposes of establishing relationships with that other table.

Forms enable you to __________ individual records.

view, input, or edit

fuzzy logic

Enables the interjection of experiential learning into knowledge-based systems by allowing the consideration of probabilities.

How do I create fields in a database?

Actually, you can create the fields manually by assigned field names.

How do I create relationships between tables?

You use primary and foreign key fields to create relationships between tables.

How do I get started on creating a database?

Before creating a database, you need to know the three main components of a database. These include fields, records, and tables.

Hyperlink

The Hyperlink field type is used to store web addresses.

Hyperlink field

Stores hyperlinks to Web pages.

If you change the data type from Number to Text, you could end up _____

Losing data

If you delete a field the data will be maintained in the database in case you add the field again later

False

If you want to save and reuse the criteria for selecting records, you should use __________.

a query

In a database, a text capable of holding complete paragraphs has a _____ data type

long text

In a database, a video clip would be stored in a(n) _____ field

OLE Object

information system

A system that includes data, people, procedures, hardware, and software that help in planning and decision making; a software-based solution used to gather and analyze information.

input form

Provides a view of the data fields to be filled, with appropriate labels to assist database users in populating the database.

Internal Data Source

Are maintained by the same company that operates the DSS.

Is one table in a database enough to enter all my information in it and store all the fields?

No, you need to create different tables and categorize data to be stored in them.

join query

A query used to extract data that’s in two or more tables in a database.When you want to extract data that is in two or more tables, you use a join query. The query actually links (or joins) the two tables using the common field in both tables and extracts the relevant data from each.

Knowledge based systems

A business intelligence system that provides intelligence that supplements the user’s own intellect and makes the decision support system more effective

List five of the suggested online template areas.

Assets, Business, Contacts, Employee, Inventory, Project, and Sales

Long Text

Text up to 65,536 characters. A feature of the long text field is that it now supports rich text formatting.

Long Text field

Like a text field but can hold long pieces of text.

management information system(MIS)

A type of business intelligence system that provides timely and accurate information that enables managers to make critical business decisions.

Management information systems (MISY WOOOOO)

A type of business intelligence system that provides timely and accurate information that enables managers to make critical business decisions

many-to-many relationship

In a relational database, records in one table are related to multiple records in a second table, and vice versa.

metadata

Data that describes other data; an integral part of the data dictionary.

model management system

Software that assists in building management models in decision support systems; an analysis tool that, through the use of internal and external data, provides a view of a particular business situation for the purposes of decision making.

Most small businesses use ___ databases as they are reliable and less costly

relational

Multidimensional database

A database that stores data from different perspectives, called dimensions, and organizes data in cube format. 2: Stores data in more than two dimensions.

natural language processing (NLP)system

A knowledge-based business intelligence system that enables users to communicate with computer systems using a natural spoken or written language instead of a computer programming language.

normalization

In databases, the goal is to reduce data redundancy by recording data only once. This process is called normalization of the data. 2:A process to ensure data is organized most efficiently in a database.

Number

Only numbers. You may use + or – before the number, as well as a decimal point.

Number field

Stores values that can be used to perform calculations.

numeric check

Confirms that only numbers are entered in the field.

Object Query Language (OQL)

A query language used by many object-oriented databases.2: A database that stores data in objects rather than in tables. 3: Similar in many respects to SQL (structured query language), a standard language used to construct queries to extract data from databases.

office support system (OSS)

A system designed to improve communications and assist employees in accomplishing their daily tasks.

OLE Object field

Holds items such as pictures, video clips, or documents.

Once a query has been created, clicking the Run button displays the results of the query

True

one-to-many relationship

In a relational database, a record appears only once in one table while having the capability of appearing many times in a related table. 2: Characterized by a record in one table and occurring most frequently in relational databases.

one-to-one relationship

In a relational database, for each record in a table there’s only one corresponding record in a related table.

online analytical processing (OLAP)

Software that provides standardized tools for viewing and manipulating data in a data warehouse.

online transaction processing (OLTP)

The real-time processing of database transactions online.

Primary Key

In a database, a field that has a value unique to a record

primary key (or key field)

To keep records distinct, each record must have one field (the primary key) that has a value unique to that record.

primary key field

In a database, a field that has a value unique to a record.

Queries can be created using Design view

True

Queries can be saved and used to generate other objects such as reports and forms

True

query

A question or inquiry.

Query

In a database, a way of retrieving information that defines a particular subset of data; can be used to extract data from one or more tables

query language

A specially designed computer language used to manipulate data in or extract data from a database. 2: Software used to retrieve and display records. A query language consists of its own vocabulary and sentence structure, which you use to frame the requests.

Query modifications such as changing the contents of the Criteria row are done in ____ view

Design

questions for the database

query

range check

Ensures that the data entered into the field of a database falls within a certain range of values.

Real time processing

The processing of database transactions in which the database is updated while the transaction is taking place

Record

A group of related fields in a database

referential integrity

In a relational database, a condition where, for each value in the foreign key table, there’s a corresponding value in the primary key table.

relation

A table that contains related data.

relational algebra

The use of English-like expressions that have variables and operations, much like algebraic equations, to extract data from databases using Structured Query Language.

Relational database

A database type that organizes data into related tables based on logical groupings

relationship

A link between tables that defines how the data is related.

Relationship

In a relational database, a link between tables that defines how the data is related

Report modifications such as re-sizing controls or columns, or changing the formatting are most easily done in ____ view

Layout

represents multiple characters in search criteria

wildcard

select query

In Structured Query Language, displays a subset of data from a table (or tables) based on the criteria specified.

Short Text field

Hold any combination of alphanumeric data (letters or numbers).

sort

Involves organizing data in a new fashion.

structured (analytical) data

Relational databases excel in the storage of structured (analytical) data. 2:Data such as "Bill" or "345," as opposed to unstructured data.

structured query language (SQL)

A type of query language used by almost all relational and object relational databases to extract records from a database.

Summarize information for printing and presentation

report

summary report

A report generated by a management information system that provides a consolidated picture of detailed data; these reports usually include some calculation or visual displays of information.

table (or file)

A group of related records.

Tables are collections of related data organized by __________.

fields and records

Text

A Text field can contain values that are text, numeric, or a combination of both. A text field can contain a maximum length of 255 characters.

The Access data type to automatically assign an incremental number is ____

AutoNumber

The Access object that enables you to ask the database questions about information is a __________.

query

The Access object that summarizes information for presentation and printing is a __________.

report

The duplication of data in a database is called data ____

Redundancy

The easiest way to create a query is to use the Simple Query __________.

Wizard

The easiest way to create a simple query is to use the Simple Query _____

wizard

The field that has a unique entry for each record in a database table is called the

primary key.

The form ____ prompts you step-by-step through the creation of a form

Wizard

The information about a single student would be stored in a _____

record

The two types of objects responsible for collecting data are _____.

tables and forms

Three Steps of Data Staging

Step 1: Extraction of the data from source databases. Step 2: Transformation (reformatting) of the data. Step 3: Storage of the data warehouse.

time-variant data

Data that doesn’t pertain to one period in time.

To combine data from more than one table, you need to create a(n) ____ between the tables.

relationship

To create an association between common fields in two tables, you establish a __________.

relationship

To display a limited set of records, you would use a __________.

filter

To ensure that there are no duplicate records in a database table, you need to establish a ____

primary key

To establish a relationship between two tables, the primary key in one table is associated with the ___ in the other table.

foreign key

To limit data to just those records with states that begin with the letter C, which of the following would you type in the Find What text box?

state=C*

To use data from two tables, you must create a ____ between them.

relationship

transaction-processing system (TPS)

A type of business intelligence system for keeping track of everyday business activities.

Two lists showing the same data about the same person is an example of

data redundancy.

Types Of Fields

Text Field, Numeric Field, Computational (Calculated) Field, Date/Time FIeld, Memo Field, Object Field, Hyperlink Field.

unstructured data

Object-oriented databases are more adept at handling unstructured data that includes nontraditional data such as audio clips (including MP3 files), video clips, pictures, and extremely large documents.Audio clips, video clips, pictures, and extremely large documents. Also called binary large object (BLOB).

used to create a relationship between two tables

join line

validation

Process of ensuring that data entered into the database is correct (or at least reasonable) and complete.

validation rule

In a database, generally defined as part of the data dictionary and specified in the field properties for each field; violations result in an error message and a suggested action. 2: Set up in the database to alert the user if a clearly wrong entry is entered in the field instead of a valid entry.

What are the different types of databases and which is the most common?

There are relational, object-oriented, and multidimensional databases. Of these, the relational database is most common.

What data type can I use for a field if I have to store a page of text?

You can use Long Text data type. They are text fields that are used to hold text with images just like a document.

What else can I store in a field besides text, numeric values, and contents of a calculation?

You can store pictures and video clips using OLE Object fields.

What is an example of a record in the Windows Media Player database?

A song

What is the Access object that organizes data into fields and records?

Table

What is the difference between a record and a field?

A field is a single piece of information in a record.

What is used to indicate a search term can be anywhere in a string of text?

Wildcards

When a table is ____ some of the records are temporarily hidden

filtered

When creating a table in Design view, you can add each of the following EXCEPT _____

Table sizes

When just one residence hall can be listed for multiple students in a database, which type of relationship should be established between the database tables?

one-to-many relationship

When you enter data using a form, the data in the underlying table is also updated.

True

When you filter a table, data is actually deleted

False

Which best describes a data warehouse?

a collection of all the data from an organization’s databases

Which data type enables you to store numeric values that need to be calculated?

Number

Which database object enables you to ask questions of the database?

Queries

Which database object filters out specific data based on the criteria you set?

Queries

Which database object is used to input, view, or edit individual records one at a time?

Form

Which database object is used to summarize information for presentation and printing?

Report

Which is a type of MIS report that provides a consolidated picture of detailed data?

summary report

Which is NOT a Microsoft Access database object?

Slides

Which object is generally used to display only one record at a time for entering and editing data?

Forms

Which of the following is a component of data staging?

transformation of the data, extraction of data from source databases, storage of the data in the data warehouse

Which of the following is NOT a true statement when considering using databases instead of lists?

Databases are easier to build and maintain than lists.

Which of the following is NOT an Access data type?

Relational

Which of the following is NOT part of a design plan for a database?

Develop the forms

Which tool is used to search for information in a database?

Query

Which wildcard character enables you to specify any character and any number of characters?

Asterisk (*)

Which would NOT be a feature or component of a transaction-processing system?

virtual processing

Yes/No

Boolean data storage of true/false values.

You can create a report by using the __________.

Report Wizard

You CANNOT use a query to generate a ________.

spreadsheet

_________ means that the data contained in the database is accurate and reliable.

Data integrity

A database stores each category of information in a ____________ and each group of related fields in a ____________.

field; record

What ensures that data is organized in the most efficient way in a database?

Normalization

What defines the maximum number of characters that a field in a database can hold?

Field size

What are object-oriented databases more adept at handling than relational databases?

Unstructured data

What type of database organizes data in a cube format?

Multidimensional databases

A ____________ check compares the values of data in two or more fields to see if those values are reasonable.

consistency

____________ temporarily displays records that match certain criteria.

A filter

A(n) ____________ keeps track of everyday business activities such as accepting tuition payments or printing course catalogs.

TPS

A system that tries to replicate the decision-making processes of human experts in order to solve specific problems is known as a(n) ____________ system.

expert

Which knowledge-based system enables users to communicate with computer systems using a natural spoken or written language instead of using a computer programming language?

NLP

The primary reason that businesses mine data is to understand their customers better.

True

A one-to-many relationship in databases indicates that for each record in a table, there can be many corresponding records in a related table.

True

The data dictionary is also known as the database schema.

True

Batch processing is most appropriate for activities that are urgent and immediate.

False

Transformation (reformatting) of the data is the first step in data staging.

False

Clustering involves assigning a value to data based on some criterion.

False

An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system enables the interjection of experiential learning into the equation by considering probabilities.

False

A model management system is software that is designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems.

False

Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science that deals with the attempt to create computers that think like humans.

True

Detail reports, summary reports, and exception reports are the three types of reports generated by an expert system.

False

All modern DBMSs contain a query language that the software uses to retrieve and display records.

True

Data staging consists of three steps: extraction, transformation, and storage.

True

Office support system

Designed to improve communications and assist employees in accomplishing their daily tasks.

Transaction-processing system

Keeps track of everyday business activities.

Management information system

Provides timely and accurate information that enables managers to make critical business decisions.

Decision support system

Business intelligence system designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems.

Database management system

Specially designed application software that is used to capture and analyze data.

Information system

Software-based solution used to gather and analyze information.

Metadata

Data that describes other data.

Query

A subset of data that matches certain criteria.

Normalization

Reduces data redundancy by recording data only once.

Table

A group of related records.

Record

A group of related fields.

Field name

Identifies each field.

When is it sufficient to use a list to organize data?

When the data is simple and can be organized in one table

Which is NOT a component of a database that describes how data is stored?

Report

The type of database that is best for organizing unstructured data such as video and audio is

object-oriented

Which of the following is NOT considered a step in data staging?

Inputting data not stored in source databases

A gas purchase made with a credit card at the pump would be entered into which type of database system?

Transaction-processing system

Which of the following database system uses artificial intelligence?

Knowledge-based system

A field labeled PHONE that accepts data such as (610) 555-1212 would use the Number data type

False

A query is used to extract a subset of data from a database.

True

a small slice of a data warehouse is called a data market.

False

Fuzzy logic uses approximate data gathered by experience rather than fixed and exact facts

True