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Which of the following is NOT a negative dimension of friendship as identified by young athletes? |
lack of empathy |
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Gould and Martens found that, on average, children participated for ____ hours per week in their specific sport. |
11 |
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Sport participation for youth peaks at what age? |
12 years old |
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Which of the following statements is (are) true? |
The benefits of sport participation depend on the quality of the adult leadership. |
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Dropout rates for youth sport participants have been estimated to be about what percentage each year? |
35% |
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Which of the following is the number one reason that young athletes give for participating in school and other youth sports? |
to have fun |
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Which of the following is NOT one of the top five reasons given for participating in youth sport? |
to make new friends |
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Which is the major reason that young athletes give for dropping out of sport? |
other things to do |
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According to the swimming study by Gould and colleagues, what percentage of young athletes dropped out of competitive sport because of negative experiences (e.g., too much pressure, no fun)? |
28% |
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Research has indicated that participants in youth sport differ from dropouts in what psychological attribute? |
perceived competence |
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A good way to enhance young athletes’ perceptions of their abilities is to have them |
focus on improving their own performance |
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In the study by Klint and Weiss on former competitive youth gymnasts, what percentage were still participating in gymnastics or in another sport? |
95% |
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The reasons given most often for participating in youth sport are |
intrinsic in nature |
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Approximately how many children under the age of 18 are involved in school and other sport Programs? |
45 million |
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Which of the following statements regarding peer relationships is (are) true? |
a. Female participants, as compared to their male counterparts, identify emotional support as a positive aspect of friendship. b. Children who have more positive relationships with peers in physical activity reported more positive feelings toward physical activity. |
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In reviewing the literature that had reported personal accounts of burnout among young athletes, Gould found which of the following to be important factors associated with the Burnout? |
a. overtraining b. parental pressure c. very high self- and other-imposed expectations |
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The positive "sandwich" approach to correcting errors involves |
positive statement, corrective feedback, positive statement |
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According to recent research on early specialization and participation in competitive sport, elite athletes |
start out playing many sports at an early age |
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Which of the following is NOT a coaching guideline put forth by Smoll and Smith (1980) and Weiss (1991)? |
Reward outcome more than effort. |
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Which of the following is (are) an aspect of the Sport Friendship Quality Scale developed by Weiss and Smith? |
a. loyalty and intimacy b. conflict resolution c. self-esteem enhancement and supportiveness |
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According to the study by Gould and colleagues, what percentage of youth wrestlers displayed high levels (i.e., upper 25%) of precompetitive anxiety? |
9% |
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Which of the following did Orlick and McCaffrey recommend for modifying arousal regulation strategies in children? |
a. Keep strategies fun. b. Prepare multiple approaches for the same exercise. c. Use concrete physical strategies. |
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According to the code of ethics developed by the American Sport Education Program, which of the following is NOT part of a sport parent’s responsibility? |
Act as a coach as well as a parent if you know the sport. |
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According to the study by Coakley on youth sport burnout, which of the following was (were) found to be characteristic of children who have burned out in sport? |
a. They viewed themselves only as athletes. b. Coaches and parents made all the important decisions with little input from the young athletes. |
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Which of the following is (are) NOT among situational variables that cause increased state anxiety in young athletes? |
coaching style |
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Based on research with elite high school wrestlers and distance runners, which of the following are the two major sources of the stress experienced by junior elite athletes? |
fear of failure and feelings of inadequacy |
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A young athlete is "at risk" for developing heightened state anxiety if he has which of the following characteristics? |
a. low self-esteem b. frequent worries about failure c. low self-performance expectations |
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According to research, which of the following statements concerning trait anxiety and young athletes is (are) true? |
Young athletes have only slightly elevated levels of trait anxiety. |
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According to the study by Simon and Martens comparing state anxiety before competitive sports with that before other childhood evaluative activities, the activity with the highest state anxiety levels was |
band solo |
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Based on the research on peer friendships, what implication(s) can you draw for practice? |
b. Teamwork and group goals should be emphasized. c. Time should be provided for children to be with their friends. |
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Smith, Smoll, and Curtis, in phase 2 of their study comparing an experimental group of coaches (using a positive approach) with a control group of coaches, found that players who played for experimental coaches |
a. rated their coaches as better teachers b. liked their teammates and coaches more |
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