Sociology Chapter 3

Based on the text’s survey of the life course, you might conclude that

while life-course stages are linked to biology, they are largely a social construction.

Erik H. Erikson’s view of socialization states that

personality develops over the entire life course in patterned stages.

George Herbert Mead considered the self to be

the part of an individual’s personality that is composed of self-awareness and self-image.

Based on what you have read in this chapter, you would correctly conclude that

society shapes how we think, feel, and act.

Carol Gilligan’s work on the issue of self-esteem in girls showed that

girls begin with high levels of self-esteem, which gradually decrease as they go through adolescence.

Applying Freud’s thinking to a sociological analysis of personality development, you would conclude that

humans have basic, self-centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society.

A majority of people over the age of sixty-five in the United States

consider their health "good" or "excellent."

Critics of Erikson’s theory of personality development point out that

not everyone confronts the stages in the exact order given by Erikson.

According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?

sensorimotor stage

According to Mead, social experience involves

the exchange of symbols.

Communities differ in terms of the racial composition of the population. In which of the following regions of the United States is there a relatively high number of people who claim to be multiracial?

the Southwest, including Arizona and southern California

Biological changes that accompany growing old include

All of these responses are correct.

Family is important to the socialization process because

families pass along social identity to children in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion.

Goffman’s idea of the resocialization process includes

breaking down an old identity, then building up a new identity.

Assume you have a business that provides products to older people. Looking ahead, you have reason to expect

increasing sales, because your target population is increasing in size.

Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg’s research, showing that

girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards.

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is to

radically alter a person’s personality or behavior.

According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as

significant others.

By "taking the role of the other," Mead had in mind

imagining a situation from another person’s point of view.

If you were to put together the lesson learned from the cases of Anna, Isabelle, and Genie, you would correctly conclude that

social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality.

Based on the Harlows’ research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna, the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that

long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans.

For Jean Piaget, at which stage of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols?

preoperational stage

An inmate who loses the capacity for independent living is described as

institutionalized.

A setting where a staff tries to radically change someone’s personality through carefully controlling the environment is called a(n)

total institution

Based on what you have read in this chapter, how would sociologists explain the fact that many young people in the United States experience adolescence as a time of confusion?

There are cultural inconsistencies in the definition of this stage of life as partly childlike and partly adultlike.

Based on the Harlows’ research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna, the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that

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