Psychology Chapter 2

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships

Answers:
archival

correlational

experimental

survey

A

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time

Answers:
attrition

experimenter bias

generalizability

single blinding

A

The ________ variable measures effects of the independent variable

Answers:
confounding

dependent

experimental

independent

B

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time

Answers:
archival

correlational

cross-sectional

longitudinal

D

_______ is the tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas or beliefs.

Answers:
confirmation bias

experimenter bias

illusory correlation

sampling bias

A

________ are subjects of psychological research.

Answers:
clients

individuals

participants

people

C

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.

Answers:
animal; a full debriefing

animal; obtaining informed consent

human; a full debriefing

human; obtaining informed consent

D

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

Answers:
correlational

experimental

quasi-experimental

survey

B

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ________.

Answers:
correlation

fact

illusory correlation

opinion

C

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study

Answers:
debrief participants; ageist attitudes

debrief participants; deception

pay participants; deception

pay participants; use of personal photos

B

________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants

Answers:
Institutional Research Board

Institutional Research Bureau

Institutional Review Board

Institutional Review Bureau

C

Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior?

Answers:
assessing behaviors from a police cruiser dash cam

having passengers rate the driver’s behavior

using footage from red light cameras

watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets

D

Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________.

Answers:
archival research; naturalistic observation

archival research; surveys

case studies; naturalistic observation

experiments; surveys

B

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

Answers:
case study

experiment

naturalistic observation

survey

C

The D.A.R.E. program is an example of ________.

Answers:
a highly successful drug use intervention program

a highly successful suicide intervention program

a psychological research study that has helped shape public policy

why empirical research is needed

D

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants’ responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

Answers:
dependent variable

independent variable

operational definition

significant variable

A

What is one task that a peer reviewer is not likely to participate in?

Answers:
conducting his or her own research in the same subject area

looking for flaws in the way a study was conducted

suggesting magazines that may be interested in publishing the research

verifying that the research meets ethical standards

C

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head

Answers:
case study

experiment

naturalistic observation

survey

A

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship

Answers:
confounding variable

control variable

dependent variable

independent variable

A

Research describing a link between childhood vaccines and autism has been ________.

Answers:
confirmed by multiple studies

found to have been based on falsified data

published once but not confirmed

retracted due to a financial conflict of interest by the author

D

________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.

Answers:
generalizability

operational definition

reliability

validity

D

On a graph of a correlation coefficient, points falling
near to a straight sloped line indicate ________.

Answers:
a strong correlation

a weak correlation

it is unclear from the information given

no correlation

A

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

Answers:
alternate experimental

control

dependent

independent

B

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

Answers:
inter-rater reliability

reliability

replication

validity

C

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study

Answers:
correlation coefficient

scatterplot

statistical analysis

validity assessment

C