The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural tranmission. This tissue is: A. dopamine |
B. the myelin sheath |
Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the A. voluntary nervous system |
B. autonomic nervous system |
A strong stimulus can increase A. speed of the impulse the neuron fires. |
C. Number of times the neuron fires. |
The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributed able to the fact that A. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins. |
A. under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins. |
The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brains usage of glucose is called (in abbreviated form) the A. PET scan |
A. PET scan |
The effect of a drug that is antagonist to A. cause the brain to stop producing certain transmitters. |
C. block a particular transmitter. |
Through there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the A. limbic system |
A. limbic system |
Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple relfex? A. sensory neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron |
C. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron |
Damage to the ___ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language. A. the angular gyrus |
C. Wernicke’s area |
Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere? A. language |
D. perpetual tasks |
Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmiter abnormalities in depressed patients. She would most likely describe herself as a A. personality psychologist |
C. psychoanalyst |
The increasing complexity of animals’ behavior is accompanied by an A. increase in the size of the brainstem. |
D. increase in the amount of association area. |
Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the A. sympathetic nervous system. |
B. somantic nervous system. |
A neuron will generate action potentials when it A. remains below threshold. |
C. receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs |
Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of neural impuls? A. axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse |
D. dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse |
Chemical messangers produced by endocrine glands are called A. agonists |
C. hormones |
Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely, the damage occurred to the A. thalamust |
C. reticular formation |
An experimenter flashes the world FLYTRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain patient so that FLY projects to her right hemisphere and TRAP to her left hemisphere. When asked what she saw, the patient will A. say she saw FLY |
B. say she saw TRAP |
Coritcal areas that are not primarily concerned with sensory, motor, or language functions are A. called projection areas. |
B. called associatin areas. |
In the brain, learning occurs as experince strengthens certain connections in call work groups called A. action potentials |
B. neural networks |
nervous system consists of: |
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) + peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic). |
somatic |
voluntary |
autonomic |
run everything without thinking about ex. temperature and heart rate |
Central core (older brain structures) |
contrains cerebellum and thalamus |
cerebellum |
smooth movement and some nonverbal learning/memory |
thalamus |
send sensory messages to other parts of the brain – relay station for seeing, hearing, tasting, and touching |
limbic system |
two functions: memory and emotion contains hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus |
hyothalamus |
hunger, thirst, sex, emotion/feelings of reward |
amygdala |
evaluates emotional significance of information |
hippocampus |
gateway to memory |
Outer layer is the Cerebral Cortex (higher thinking skills): |
highly involved area of the brain, last part of the brain to develop in humans frontal lobe – "executive processing system" Most highly evolved area of the brain and last to develop in children Functions: Planning, problem solving, thinking about the future – coordinating information to achieve a goal, but also the ability to formulate a goal |
neurons |
specialized cells, do not touch each other (synaptic space) by an electrical chemical process |
axonal conduction |
unidirectional (information is determined by dendrites), all-or-none, electrochemical |
neurotransmitters |
chemical that creates communication between two neurons |
Which of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere? A. spatial reasoning |
B. word recognition |
When Sandy scalded her toe in a tub of hot water, the pain message was carried to her spinal cord by the ___ nervous system. A. somantic |
A. somantic |
Which of the following are governed by the simplest neural pathways? A. emotions |
C. relexes |
Meliss has just completed running a marathon. She is so elated that she feels little fatigue or discomfort. Her lack of pain or probably the result of the release of A. ACh |
B. endorphines |
Damage to the ___ will usually cause a person to lose the ability to speak. A. the angular gyrus |
B. Broca’s area |
The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called A. the EEG |
D. MRI |
The myelin sheath that is on some neurons A. increases the speed of neural transmission. |
A. increases the speed of neural transmission. |
I am a relatively fast-acting chemical messanger that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. What am I? A. acetylcholine |
D. serototin |
The neurotransmitter ACh is most likely to be found A. at the junction between sensory neurons and muscle fibers. |
B. at the junction between motor neurons and muscle fibers. |
The gland that reulates body growth is the A. adrenal |
D. pituitary |
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are ___ that are released by the ___ gland. A. neurotransmitters; pituitary |
D. hormones; adrenal |
Jessica expereinece difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her A. medulla |
D. cerebellum |
Moruzzi and Magoun caused a cat to lapse into a coma by serving neural connections between the cortex and the A. reicular formation |
A. reicular formation |
Research has found that the amount of representation in the motor cortex relfects the A. size of the body parts. |
B. degree of precise control required by each of the parts. |
The effect of a drug that is on agonist is to A. cause of the brain to stop producing certain transmitters. |
B. Mimic a particular neurotransmitter |
The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemisphers and that have been severed in a split-brain patients form a structure called A. reticular formation |
C. corpus callosum |
Following the nail gun wound to his head, Jack became more uninhibited, irritable, dishonest, and proface. It is liekly that his personality change was the result of injury to his A. parietal lobe |
D. frontal lobe |
Three year old Marco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain’s left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Reaserch suggested that A. he may never speak again. |
C. his right hemisphere may take over musch of the language function |
PSY 100 Chapter 2
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