Microbiology Chapter 24

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT
A) competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
B) IgA antibodies.
C) mucous secretions.
D) the ciliary escalator.
E) alveolar macrophages

competition with the normal flora of the lungs

Which of the following is mismatched?
A) pharyngitis — sore throat
B) laryngitis — voice loss
C) epiglottitis — sore throat
D) sinusitis — headache and nasal mucous
E) otitis media — earache

epiglottitis – sore throat

Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT
A) strep throat.
B) scarlet fever.
C) rheumatic fever.
D) pharyngitis.
E) epiglottitis

epiglottitis

Which of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE?
A) The causative agent is a virus.
B) The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
C) The causative agent cannot be cultured.
D) Treatment is tetracyclines.
E) Annual vaccination can prevent infection

treatment is tetracyclines

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?
A) fever
B) chills
C) headache
D) diarrhea
E) muscle aches

diarrhea

Which of the following is mismatched?
A) Corynebacterium — gram-positive rod
B) Mycobacterium — acid-fast rod
C) Mycoplasma — gram-positive pleomorphic rod
D) Bordetella — gram-negative pleomorphic rod
E) Haemophilus — gram-negative rod

mycoplasma – gram-positive pleomorphic rod

Which of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?
A) Histoplasma
B) Coccidioides
C) Legionella
D) Mycoplasma
E) Influenza virus

histoplasma

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT
A) vaccination.
B) current tuberculosis infection.
C) previous tuberculosis infection.
D) immunity to tuberculosis.
E) being near someone with tuberculosis

being near someone with tuberculosis

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?
A) tuberculosis — toxoid
B) whooping cough — heat-killed bacteria
C) diphtheria — toxoid
D) influenza — viruses grown in embryonated eggs
E) pneumococcal pneumonia — capsular polysaccharides

tuberculosis – toxoid

Which of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age?
A) coccidioidomycosis
B) diphtheria
C) legionellosis
D) scarlet fever
E) psittacosis

diphteria

Which of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins?
A) diphtheria
B) tuberculosis
C) whooping cough
D) scarlet fever
E) psittacosis

diphtheria

Which of the following is mismatched?
A) epiglottitis — Haemophilus
B) Q fever — Rickettsia
C) psittacosis — Chlamydia
D) whooping cough — Bordetella
E) melioidosis — Burkholderia

Q fever – Rickettsia

Which of the following does NOT cause otitis media?
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Streptococcus pyogenes
D) Moraxella catarrhalis
E) Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii

Which of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?
A) Pneumocystis
B) Aspergillus
C) Rhizopus
D) Mucor
E) All of the answers are correct

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?
A) tuberculosis — cattle
B) histoplasmosis — soil
C) psittacosis — parakeets
D) coccidioidomycosis — air
E) pneumocystis — humans

coccidioidomycosis – air

All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT
A) it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
B) it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
C) early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
D) complications include laryngitis and otitis media.
E) the duration of symptoms is approximately one week

early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?
A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) respiratory syncytial virus

Bordetella pertussis

Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod?
A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Burkholderia pseudomallei
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Pneumocystis jirovecii

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?
A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Blastomyces dermatidis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?
A) Bordetella pertussis
B) Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Streptococcus pyogenes
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Corynebacterium dipheriae

The most effective means of preventing influenza is
A) annual vaccination.
B) isolation of carriers.
C) vector control.
D) pasteurization of milk.
E) administration of amantadine

annual vaccination

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?
A) Pneumocystis
B) Legionella
C) Histoplasma
D) Mycoplasma
E) rhinovirus

Pneumocystis

Which of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?
A) Staphylococcus
B) Mycoplasma
C) Streptococcus
D) Blastomyces
E) Coccidioides

Blastomyces

Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?
A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Mycoplasma
D) Streptococcus
E) Mycobacterium

Mycoplasma

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were
A) members of the military.
B) infants and the elderly.
C) residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the "Spanish Flu."
D) young adults.
E) residents of the U.S

young adults

All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT
A) ethambutol.
B) isoniazid.
C) fluoroquinolones.
D) rifampin.
E) pyrazinamide

fluoroquinolones

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?
A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Mycoplasma
D) Streptococcus
E) RSV

streptococcus

Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which of the following organisms?
A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Mycoplasma
D) Streptococcus
E) Chlamydophila

coccidioides

Soil is a reservoir for all of the following EXCEPT
A) Q fever.
B) melioidosis.
C) blastomycosis.
D) histoplasmosis.
E) coccidioidomycosis

Q fever

A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is
A) Burkholderia pseudomallei.
B) Chlamydophila psittaci.
C) Haemophilus influenzae.
D) Legionella pneumophila.
E) Staphylococcus aureus

Burkholderia pseudomallei

The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Corynebacterium
B) Haemophilus
C) Bordetella
D) Mycobacterium

Haemophius

The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Corynebacterium
B) Rhinovirus
C) Bordetella
D) Streptococcus
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

the answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Corynebacterium
B) Haemophilus
C) Bordetella
D) Mycobacterium
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

Corynebacterium

Which of the following is mismatched?
A) Burkholderia — melioidosis
B) Coxiella — Q fever
C) Mycoplasma — walking pneumonia
D) Chlamydophila — psittacosis
E) Mycobacterium — whooping cough

mycobacterium – whopping cough

All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT
A) Blastomyces.
B) Coccidioides.
C) Histoplasma.
D) Mycobacterium.
E) Pneumocystis

Mycobacterium

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Histoplasma
D) Mycobacterium
E) Pneumocystis

Pneumocystis

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Blastomyces
B) Coccidioides
C) Histoplasma
D) Mycobacterium
E) Pneumocystis

Coccidioides

Which of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?
A) Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis.
B) Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
C) It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
D) At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive.
E) Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy

Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population shows symptoms of tuberculosis

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?
A) Bordetella
B) Corynebacterium
C) Burkholderia
D) Mycobacterium
E) Mycoplasma

Bordetella

A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having
A) streptococcal pharyngitis.
B) scarlet fever.
C) diphtheria.
D) the common cold.
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

the answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has
A) tuberculosis.
B) influenza.
C) pneumococcal pneumonia.
D) mycoplasmal pneumonia.
E) the common cold

pneumococcal pneumonia

Which of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?
A) rhinovirus
B) adenovirus
C) respiratory syncytial virus
D) influenza
E) Mycoplasma

respiratory syncytial virus

Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?
A) Chlamydophila
B) Coccidioides
C) Coxiella
D) Influenza virus
E) RSV

Coccidioides

Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?
A) Chlamydophila
B) Legionella
C) Mycobacterium
D) Mycoplasma
E) Streptococcus

Mycobacterium

Legionella is transmitted by
A) airborne transmission.
B) foodborne transmission.
C) person-to-person contact.
D) fomites.
E) vectors

airborne transmission

It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract.

true

Most cases of sinusitis and otitis media will not resolve unless they are treated with antibiotics.

false

The symptoms of diphtheria are due to an exotoxin that blocks proteins synthesis in host cells.

true

The most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

true

A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis.

false

Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus.

false

Coccidioides immitis causes Valley fever, a disease that is endemic to the Mississippi Valley.

false

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia, also known as "walking pneumonia."

true

Risks for Q fever include contact with infected cattle and drinking unpasteurized milk.

true

Infections with Legionella pneumophila are usually transmitted via aerosols from contaminated air conditioning systems, showers, and humidifiers.

true

Compare and contrast antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza virus. How do antigenic shifts and drifts contribute to the need for annual vaccinations to prevent influenza?

…

Pneumonia is diagnosed by the presence of fluid (dark shadows in an X-ray image) in the alveoli. Given that pneumonia usually is caused by a microorganism, what causes the fluid accumulation? Name a bacterium, a virus, a fungus, a protozoan, and a helminth that can cause pneumonia.

…

Using diphtheria and whooping cough as examples, discuss why it is necessary to continue to vaccinate against diseases that are relatively rare in the U.S. today.

…

Tuberculosis is the name of the ___ caused by the ___ Mycobacterium tuberculosis

disease; bacterium

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following except

competition with the normal flora of the lungs

It is common for a normal, healthy individual to carry potentially pathogenic organisms in their upper respiratory tract

true

An individual presents with a pinkish-red rash and red sore throat. Gram-positive cocci and cultured from a throat swab. The cocci are growing in chains. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion?

the patient has scarlet fever

___ antibodies are found in mucosal secretions and help to protect the respiratory system from infection

IgA

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

Corynebacterium

The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

the answer cannot be determined based on the information

All of the following are true of the common cold except

early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?

tuberculosis toxoid

Which of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is true?

treatment is tetracyclines

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

Bordetella

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?

Bordetella pertussis

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test except

being near someones with tuberculosis

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?

Mycoplasma

Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?

Mycoplasma

A positive tuberculosis skin test indicates that the patient has active tuberculosis?

false

The common cold

can result from deposition of a single rhinovirus on the nasal mucosa

Which of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?

respiratory syncytial virus

Which statement regarding Influenzavirus is true?

antigenic shift can occur because the genome is in several pieces

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were

young adults

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?

diarrhea

The most effective means of preventing influenza is

annual vaccination

Vaccination with the influenza vaccine confers lifelong immunity to influenza virus

false