micro ch 8

1. All of the chemical reactions of the cell are called:
A. catabolism.
B. redox reactions.
C. phosphorylation.
D. metabolism.
E. cellular respiration.

D. metabolism.

2. The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine and peptides is an example of:
A. anabolism.
B. catabolism.
C. phosphorylation.
D. fermentation.
E. biosynthesis.

B. catabolism

3. Enzymes are:
A. broken down in reactions that require energy input.
B. proteins that function as catalysts.
C. electron carrier molecules.
D. not needed for catabolic reactions.
E. All of the choices are correct.

B. proteins that function as catalysts

4. Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called:
A. anabolism.
B. phosphorylation.
C. fermentation.
D. exergonic.
E. glycolysis

A. anabolism.

5. An apoenzyme:
A. is part of a simple enzyme.
B. is also called a coenzyme.
C. contains the active site.
D. is often an inorganic metal ion.
E. is an RNA molecule

C. contains the active site.

6. A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called:
A. substrates.
B. apoenzymes.
C. catalysts.
D. cofactors.
E. None of the choices are correct.

D. cofactors.

7. Important components of coenzymes are:
A. vitamins.
B. metallic ions.
C. active sites.
D. substrates.
E. ribozymes.

A. vitamins.

8. Enzymes that can function at boiling water temperatures or other harsh conditions would be termed:
A. denatured.
B. ribozymes.
C. abzymes.
D. exoenzymes.
E. extremozymes.

E. extremozymes.

9. Enzymes that are produced only when substrate is present are termed:
A. exoenzymes.
B. endoenzymes.
C. constitutive enzymes.
D. induced enzymes.
E. conjugated enzymes.

D. induced enzymes.

When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product this control is called:
A. negative feedback.
B. competitive inhibition.
C. enzyme induction.
D. enzyme repression.
E. None of the choices are correct.

A. negative feedback.

Most electron carriers are:
A. coenzymes.
B. enzymes.
C. hydrogens.
D. inorganic phosphate.
E. All of the choices are correct

A. coenzymes.

Exergonic reactions:
A. include synthesis of large carbohydrates.
B. only occur in heterotrophs.
C. occur during aerobic cellular respiration.
D. do not occur in anaerobic cellular respiration.
E. occur when ADP binds to inorganic phosphate to form ATP

C. occur during aerobic cellular respiration.

In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate:
A. ATP.
B. ADP.
C. pyruvic acid.
D. oxygen.
E. NAD

B. ADP.

In addition to electrons, which of the following is also involved in electron transfer?
A. ADP
B. glucose
C. carbon
D. hydrogen protons
E. carbon dioxide

D. hydrogen protons

The most likely place where an exoenzyme participates in a chemical reaction is:
A. mitochondria.
B. within the cell membrane.
C. lysosomes.
D. cytoplasm.
E. outside of the cell

E. outside of the cell

All of the following pertain to glycolysis, except it:
A. occurs without oxygen.
B. ends with formation of pyruvic acid.
C. occurs during fermentation.
D. degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O.
E. involves reduction of NAD.

D. degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O

All of the following pertain to glycolysis, except it:
A. occurs without oxygen.
B. ends with formation of pyruvic acid.
C. occurs during fermentation.
D. degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O.
E. involves reduction of NAD.

C. occurs during fermentation.

During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is:
A. pyruvic acid.
B. oxygen.
C. nitrate.
D. cytochrome c.
E. FAD

B. oxygen.

Which of the following is NOT involved in the step that occurs between glycolysis and the TCA cycle?
A. reduction of NAD
B. decarboxylation of pyruvic acid
C. coenzyme A attaches to an acetyl group
D. dehydrogenation of pyruvic acid
E. pyruvic acid accepts electrons from NADH

E. pyruvic acid accepts electrons from NADH

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the:
A. cell membrane.
B. mitochondria.
C. chloroplasts.
D. ribosomes.
E. cytoplasm

A. cell membrane.

In which pathway is the most NADH generated?
A. electron transport system
B. Krebs cycle
C. glycolysis
D. alcoholic fermentation
E. mixed acid fermentation

B. Krebs cycle

The reactions of fermentation function to produce _____ molecules for use in glycolysis.
A. pyruvic acid
B. ATP
C. NAD
D. NADH
E. glucose

C. NAD

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?
A. electron transport
B. Krebs cycle
C. glycolysis
D. processing of pyruvic acid for the Krebs cycle
E. All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules

A. electron transport

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, how many ATP are generated?
A. 2 ATP
B. 3 ATP
C. 24 ATP
D. 36 ATP
E. 38 ATP

E. 38 ATP

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated?
A. 2 ATP
B. 3 ATP
C. 24 ATP
D. 36 ATP
E. 38 ATP

A. 2 ATP

Each NADH that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _____ ATP.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 24
D. 36
E. 38

B. 3

As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump _____ into the outer membrane compartment setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force.
A. ATP
B. phosphate
C. hydrogen ions
D. oxygen
E. NADH

C. hydrogen ions

Mixed acid fermentation:
A. produces butyric acid.
B. occurs in all bacteria.
C. produces acids plus CO2 and H2 gases.
D. is seen in Streptococcus and Lactobacillus.
E. also produces ethanol

C. produces acids plus CO2 and H2 gases.

Anaerobic cellular respiration:
A. is also called fermentation.
B. only involves glycolysis.
C. does not generate ATP.
D. utilizes an electron transport system.
E. uses the same final electron acceptors as aerobic respiration

D. utilizes an electron transport system

Each FADH2 that enters the electron transport system gives rise to _____ ATP.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 24
D. 36
E. 38

A. 2

In anaerobic respiration, all of the following can serve as the final electron acceptor, except:
A. nitrate.
B. oxygen.
C. sulfate.
D. nitrite.
E. None of the choices are correct

B. oxygen.

The process of alcoholic fermentation produces:
A. alcohol only.
B. alcohol and oxygen.
C. alcohol and carbon dioxide.
D. carbon dioxide and yeast.
E. yeast and oxygen

C. alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Cyanide will cause rapid death in humans because it:
A. stops glycolysis.
B. stops the TCA cycle from turning.
C. stops the electron transport chain at coenzyme Q.
D. blocks cytochrome c oxidase.
E. inhibits the ATP synthase

D. blocks cytochrome c oxidase.

Why is cyanide harmless to some bacteria?
A. They break down the cyanide before it enters the electron transport chain.
B. They shut off the TCA cycle until the cyanide is diluted out of the cell.
C. They lack cytochrome c oxidase.
D. They don’t allow cyanide to cross their cell wall.
E. Cyanide is deadly for all bacteria.

C. They lack cytochrome c oxidase.

Fatty acids can be metabolized by entering:
A. glycolysis.
B. the TCA cycle.
C. the electron transport chain.
D. the phosphogluconate pathway.
E. lactic acid fermentation.

B. the TCA cycle.

Enzymes that are regularly found in a cell are termed:
A. exoenzymes.
B. endoenzymes.
C. constitutive enzymes.
D. induced enzymes.
E. conjugated enzymes

C. constitutive enzymes.

When amino acids are deaminated, they can be used as a source of:
A. glucose.
B. fat.
C. vitamins.
D. minerals.
E. carbon

A. glucose.

In eukaryotes, glycolysis takes place:
A. in the mitochondria.
B. in the endoplasmic reticulum.
C. in the cell membrane.
D. in the nucleus.
E. in the cytoplasm

E. in the cytoplasm

In eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place:
A. in the nucleus.
B. in the endoplasmic reticulum.
C. in the cell membrane.
D. in the mitochondria.
E. in the cytoplasm

D. in the mitochondria

Photosynthesis is responsible for producing >50% of Earth’s oxygen. During photosynthesis inorganic __ is fixed into organic compounds like___ without the help of sunlight.
A. H2O, Oxygen
B. CO2, C6H12O6
C. H2O, C6H12O6
D. CO2, Oxygen
E. All of the choices are correct

B. CO2, C6H12O6

In the eukaryote, the respiratory chain is located in the ___, whereas the majority of ATP is produced by the respiratory chain in the _______ of a prokaryote.
A. Lysosome, flagella
B. Golgi body, mitochondria
C. Mitochondria, outer membrane space
D. Mitochondria, ribosome
E. SER, nucleus

C. Mitochondria, outer membrane space