Micro CH 12

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In the table, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium?

2 and 6

Which of the following is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores?

cellular slime mold
euglenozoa
tapeworm
plasmodial slime mold
ascomycete

ascomycete

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE?

– Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.
– Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions.
-Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition.
-Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.
-Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores.

Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

– Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi.
-Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction.
-Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.
-Fungi produce sexual spores.
-Fungi produce asexual spores.

Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

– dimorphic fungus grows as a yeast or a mold
– teleomorph produces both sexual and asexual spores
-systemic mycosis fungal infection of body organs
-coenocytic hyphae hyphae with cross-walls
-dermatomycosis fungal infection of the skin

coenocytic hyphae hyphae with cross-walls

In mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 µm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a

Dimorphic Fungus

Ringworm is caused by a(n)

Fungus

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they

can tolerate low-moisture conditions

Yeast infections are caused by

Candida albicans

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle.

True

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT

– they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems.
-they are used as indicators of air pollution.
-they are arranged in foliose, fruticose, or crustose morphologies.
-they are a major food source for tundra herbivores.
-they are a symbiotic relationship of a fungus and a protozoan.

they are a symbiotic relationship of a fungus and a protozoan.

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE?

-Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.
– Lichens are very tolerant to pollution.
-Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.
-The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation.
-The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.

Lichens are very tolerant to pollution.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

– green algae – prokaryotic
-dinoflagellates – paralytic shellfish poisoning
-diatoms – petroleum
-brown algae – algin
-red algae – agar

green algae – prokaryotic

All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT

-they are classified as plants.
-some produce harmful toxins.
-they mostly live in aquatic habitats.
– most are photoautotrophs.
-they may be unicellular or multicellular.

they are classified as plants.

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?

-They use light as their energy source.
-All are unicellular.
-They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.
-Some are capable of sexual reproduction.
– They use CO2 as their carbon source.

All are unicellular.

Some species of dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins that cause fish kills and red tides.

True

Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria?

-eliminate the intermediate host
-treating patients
-eliminate Anopheles
-vaccination
– None of these is an effective control.

eliminate Anopheles

The sporozoite, merozoite, gametocyte, and ring stages are all part of the Plasmodium life cycle.

True

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE?

-Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors.
-Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.
-Most protozoa reproduce asexually.
-Protozoa are common in water and soil.
– Nearly all protozoa cause disease.

Nearly all protozoa cause disease.

Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they

lack mitochondria

You observe a mass of amboeba-like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores. This is a(n)

cellular slime mold

Both the cellular slime molds and the plasmodial slime molds are members of the phylum Amoebozoa.

True

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because

they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
-trematodes flukes
-nematodes many are free-living
-cestodes all are free-living
-nematodes complete digestive tract
-cestodes segmented body made of proglottids

cestodes all are free-living

In helminth life cycles, the organism that harbors the sexually reproductive phase of the parasite is called the intermediate host.

False

Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE?

-All are parasites.
-They are multicellular animals.
– They have eukaryotic cells.
-They are heterotrophic.
-Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.

All are parasites.

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite?

Adult

Most cases of hookworm infection are acquired by ingestion of eggs in contaminated food or water.

False

The Platyhelminthes group includes roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

False

What do tapeworms eat?

Intestinal contents

Three weeks after a river rafting trip, three family members experienced symptoms of coughing, fever, and chest pain. During the rafting trip, the family had consumed crayfish that they caught along the river banks. An examination of the patients sputum revealed helminth eggs, and serum samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus. All of the family members recovered following treatment with praziquantel. In the Paragonimus life cycle,

humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by

gastrointestinal route

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure?

cooking fish before eating

The insect vectors have six legs and include ticks, mosquitoes, and lice.

False

In the malaria parasite life cycle

humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are both the definitive host and the vector.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

-mosquito – encephalitis
-tick – Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-tick – Lyme disease
-mosquito – malaria
– mosquito – Pneumocystis

mosquito – Pneumocystis

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host?

-lice
-deer flies
-mosquitoes
-houseflies
-fleas

houseflies

Arthropod vectors are blood-sucking animals such as ticks, lice, and fleas that transmit microbial pathogens.

True

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