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What is the best definition of a mineral and a rock? |
In a mineral, the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains |
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What is the name given to an atom that gains or loses electrons in a chemical reaction |
Ion |
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Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure |
Clay minerals |
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In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms |
Covalent |
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Which one of the following is sodium and calcium-rich feldspar with twinning striations |
Plagioclase |
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Which carbonate mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to produce visible bubbles of carbon dioxide gas? |
Calcite |
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Which of the following minerals is a ferromagnesian silicate? |
Hornblende |
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Which of the following is not a fundamental particle found in atoms |
-Selectron |
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Which two elements are found in all silicate minerals? |
Silicon and oxygen |
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Which of the following best characterizes ferromagnesian silicates? |
They are black to dark-green silicate minerals that contain iron and magnesium |
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Which of the following minerals is a silicate |
Muscovite |
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Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide |
Quartz |
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What element is the most abundant in Earth’s crust by weight? |
Oxygen |
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What are the lightest in weight or least massive of the basic atomic particles? |
Electrons |
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What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature? |
Diamond |
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Which of the following is an accurate description of ionic bonding? |
Atoms of different elements, having gained or lost electrons, form negative and positive ions that are bonded together by attractive forces between ions with opposite charges. |
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An atom’s mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus? |
7 |
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Which of the following is correct for isotopes of the same element? |
The atoms have different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons |
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Which of the following denotes the massive, positively charged, nuclear particles? |
Protons |
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How do electrons behave in a mineral with metallic bonding? |
They can move relatively easily from atom to atom inside the mineral |
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Which of the following minerals is in the mineral group known as mica? |
Muscovite |
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What is the name of the dark-colored mica |
biotite |
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Which atomic particle in an atom is the same for each element |
The number of protons in the nucleus |
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Which of the following describes the way light reflects from the surface of a mineral |
Luster |
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Which of the following has the highest specific gravity |
Gold |
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What is the tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes called? |
Cleavage |
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