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The nucleic acid of a virus particle is enclosed in a protein coat. What is it called? |
capsid |
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The lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection ends with the _____. |
rupture of the bacterium |
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The pointer is indicating the _____. |
-viral protein coat The viral protein coat surrounds its genome. |
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As a result of the lytic cycle, _____ |
the host cell’s DNA is destroyed |
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Viral DNA incorporated into host DNA is referred to as |
a prophage |
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Integration of viral DNA into host DNA is an early stage of |
the lysogenic cycle |
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In the lysogenic cycle _____. |
viral DNA is replicated along with host DNA |
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Phage DNA has exited the bacterial chromosome as a prelude to taking over the host’s metabolic machinery. |
The lysogenic cycle is making a transition to the lytic cycle. |
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Cycle A is the _____ cycle and cycle B is the _____ cycle. |
-lytic … lysogenic The lytic cycle concludes with rupture of the host cell. The lysogenic cycle involves replication of viral DNA along with replication of the host. |
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Viruses only |
-capsid -envelope with glycoproteins -capsomere (core protein) |
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Host cell only |
ribosome |
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Both virus and host cell |
-protein -DNA -RNA |
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Lytic cycle |
-the host is destroyed -new phages are assembled from viral DNA and proteins -the cell is lysed (broken open) |
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Lysogenic cycle |
-the cell reproduces normally -the viral DNA integrates into the chromosome of the host cell |
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Both the lytic and lysogenic cycles |
viral genes are replicated |
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Which statements about viruses are true? |
-A retrovirus contains RNA. -HIV contains reverse transcriptase. -The capsid enters the host cell if the virus is enveloped. -Enveloped viruses bud from the host cell. |
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The genetic material of HIV consists of _____. |
single-stranded RNA |
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Which of these binds to receptor molecules on the host cell membrane? |
-A Glycoproteins on the viral envelope recognize and bind to receptors on the host cell. |
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What is the function of reverse transcriptase? |
It catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template. |
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What is the source of a viral envelope? |
host cell membrane |
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Which of these is reverse transcriptase? |
C |
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Which of these is the viral genome? |
-E HIV is an RNA virus |
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Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____. |
provirus |
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HIV uses which of the following processes to synthesize a DNA strand using its RNA genome as a template? |
reverse transcription |
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What is the most effective way to stop viral infections? |
vaccines |
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The H1N1 2009 outbreak is considered to have been which of the following? |
a pandemic |
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A plant that has been raised in a sterile environment shows symptoms of a viral infection. How would you explain this? |
The viral infection was acquired by vertical transmission. |
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How do prions, which are misfolded proteins, infect organisms? |
Prions enter brain cells and cause normal forms of the protein to refold into the prion form. |
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