Mastering Biology HW Chapter 8

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Part A: In this reaction _____.
a) Entropy has decreased
b) The products have been rearranged to form reactants
c) The products have less potential energy than the reactants
d) CD is a product
e) AC is a reactant

c) The products have less potential energy than the reactants.

Part B: In this reaction _____.
a) Entropy has decreased
b) The chemical energy of the products is greater than that of the reactants
c) The kinetic energy of the reactants is less than that of the products
d) Heat has been released to the environment
e) Disorder has decreased

d) heat has been released to the environment.

The following reaction
A –> B + C + heat
is a(n) _____ reaction.
a)exergonic
b) dehydration synthesis
c) endergonic
d) exchange
e) anabolic

a) exergonic; energy has been released

A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously.
a) chemical
b) endergonic
c) anabolic
d) exergonic
e) kinetic

d) exergonic; In exergonic reactions the products have less potential energy than the reactants.

Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?
a) ATP –> ADP + P
b) hydrolysis
c) exergonic
d) endergonic
e) catabolic

d) endergonic; The products of endergonic reactions have more potential energy than the reactants.

In cells, what is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction?
a) glucose
b) as spontaneous reactions, endergonic reactions do not need an addition of energy
c) ATP
d) ADP
e) sugar

c) ATP (adenosine triphosphate); The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy needed for an endergonic reaction.

The reaction ADP + P –> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction.
a) chemical
b) endergonic
c) spontaneous
d) hydrolysis
e) exergonic

b) endergonic; Energy has been acquired from the surroundings

The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction.
a) glucose + glucose –> maltose
b) exergonic
c) synthesis
d) ADP + P –> ATP
e) anabolic

b) exergonic; The energy released by an exergonic reaction can be used to drive an endergonic reaction.

What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?
a) It is acquired by a reactant in an exergonic reaction.
b) It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction.
c) It is used to convert an ATP into an AQP.
d) It is broken down into one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms.
e) It is acquired by a reactant in a spontaneous reaction.

b) It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction.; By acquiring the phosphate group the reactant acquires energy.

This graph illustrates a(n) _____ reaction.
1) exergonic
2) spontaneous
3) catabolic
4) hydrolysis
5) endergonic

5) endergonic; The products contain more potential energy than the reactants.

Select the INCORRECT association.
a) exergonic … spontaneous
b) potential energy … positional energy
c) kinetic energy … motion
d) exergonic … uphill
e) enzyme … protein

d) exergonic…uphill; exergonic reactions release energy.

What is energy coupling?
What is energy coupling?
a) the use of an enzyme to reduce EA
b) a barrier to the initiation of a reaction
c) a description of the energetic relationship between the reactants and products in an exergonic reaction
d) the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P
e) the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

e) the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

Rank these by reaction rate, as measured by the rate of product formation per unit time, from lowest reaction rate to highest reaction rate.

Order: Uncatalyzed, Enzyme A, Enzyme B *Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction. This means that a catalyzed reaction is more likely to proceed than an uncatalyzed reaction, and it forms products more rapidly than an uncatalyzed reaction.

An enzyme is _______ when it loses its native conformation and its biological activity.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

D. Denatured

An enzyme is considered a _______ because it speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

C. Catalyst

An enzyme is considered _______ because of its ability to recognize the shape of a particular molecule.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

G. Specific

A _____, such as a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

B. Cofactor

When properly aligned, the enzyme and subtrate form an enzyme-subtrate (ES) _____.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

F. Complex

A subtrate binds to an enzyme at the _____, where the reaction occurs.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

A. Active site

In a catalyzed reaction a reactant is often called a _____.

A. Active site
B. Cofactor
C. Catalyst
D. Denatured
E. Subtrate
F. Complex
G. Specific

E. Subtrate

If all of the above are correct:

A substrate binds at an enzyme’s active site; the enzyme typically recognizes the specific shape of its substrate. A cofactor, such as an inorganic ion or vitamin, may bind to the enzyme and assist in catalyzing the reaction. The reaction environment must be appropriate for catalysis to proceed. An enzyme will denature, or change its shape and lose its biological activity, at too high a temperature or at a pH outside the enzyme’s optimal range.

https://session.masteringbiology.com/problemAsset/1070895/5/T-1041905-enzymes.jpg

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true in the case of the feedback-regulated enzymatic pathway shown?
a) P0 binds E4 and activates it.
b) P2 binds E2 and activates it.
c) P4 binds E1 and deactivates it.
d) P3 binds E2 and activates it
e) P4 binds E3 and deactivates it.

c) P4 binds E1 and deactivates it.; many enzymatic pathways are regulated by the feedback inhibition model described here. In fact, it is so common that another name for it is end-product inhibition.

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