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<b>In most insects, gas exchange is accomplished by __________.</b>
A. Lungs
B. Flame bulbs
C. A tracheal system
D. Book lungs
E. Diffusion across the exoskeleton
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C. A tracheal system
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<b>Some digestion in sponges takes place in the __________.</b>
A. Amoebocytes
B. Gastrointestinal tract
C. Osculum
D. Gastrovascular cavity
E. Spongocoel
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A. Amoebocytes
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<b>The proglottids of a tapeworm contain an elaborate __________ system.</b>
A. Sensory
B. Circulatory
C. Reproductive
D. Attachment
E. Digestive
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C. Reproductive
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<b>Cephalopods are the only molluscs __________.</b>
A. That are hermaphrodites
B. That reproduce sexually
C. That have a mantle that produces a shell
D. With a closed circulatory system
E. With segmented bodies
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D. With a closed circulatory system
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<b>Evolutionary adaptations used by plants and animals for maximizing surface area include all of the following except _________.</b>
A. Folding
B. Flattening
C. Ballooning
D. Branching
E. Producing projections
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C. Ballooning
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<b>Characteristic of the clade Lophotrochozoa are features such as a lophophore, which is a(n) _________, and a trochophore, which is a(n) _________.</b>
A. larval stage; crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding
B. adult stage; crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding
C. crown of stinging tentacles for feeding; larval stage
D. crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding; adult stage
E. crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding; larval stage
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E. crown of ciliated tentacles for feeding; larval stage
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<b>Animal species that are threatened by extinction are primarily in the phylum ________.</b>
A. Porifera
B. Mollusca
C. Rotifera
D. Annelida
E. Arthropoda
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B. Mollusca
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<b>The ________ is the middle matter of a sponge and is composed of a ________.</b>
A. mesoderm; gelatinous matrix
B. mesohyl; chitinous matrix
C. mesohyl; gelatinous matrix
D. mesophyll; chitinous matrix
E. mesophyll; gelatinous matrix
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C. mesohyl; gelatinous matrix
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<b>The two phyla that have characteristic U-shaped alimentary canals and a crown of ciliated tentacles are the ________ and the ________.</b>
A. Rhabditophora; rotifers
B. Ectoprocta; Brachiopoda
C. Catenulida; rotifers
D. Rhabditophora; Trematodes
E. Catenulida; Trematodes
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B. Ectoprocta; Brachiopoda
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<b>The three main body parts of the phylum Mollusca are a ___________.</b>
A. Muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a scolex
B. Muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a radula
C. Muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle
D. Muscular foot, a proglottid, and a mantle
E. Lophophore, a visceral mass, and a mantle
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C. Muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle
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<b>Some species of rotifers undergo parthenogenesis, which means that __________.</b>
A. The species consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs
B. Their larval stage of development looks completely different from the adult stage
C. They shed their exoskeleton as they grow
D. During development of adult forms, some of the organs that were bilateral are reduced in size or are lost on one side of the body
E. Each individual functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing sperm and eggs
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A. The species consists of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs
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<b>A major characteristic of arthropods is __________.</b>
A. A pseudocoelom
B. All of the listed responses are correct
C. A chitinous exoskeleton
D. Radial symmetry
E. Flame bulbs
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C. A chitinous exoskeleton
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<b>The sponge cell type that is ________ and can become other sponge cell types is the _________.</b>
A. Pluripotent; amoebocyte
B. Totipotent; epidermal cells
C. Totipotent; amoebocyte
D. Pluripotent; choanocyte
E. Totipotent; choanocyte
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C. Totipotent; amoebocyte
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<b>Stages in the complete metamorphosis of arthropods include all of the following except the ________ stage.</b>
A. Egg
B. Nymph
C. Adult
D. Larva
E. Pupa
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B. Nymph
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<b>The phylum __________ has both invertebrate and vertebrate groups.</b>
A. Onychophoran
B. Cephalochordata
C. Urochordata
D. Chordata
E. Echinodermata
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D. Chordata
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<b>Invertebrate deuterstomes that are bilaterally symmetrical as juveniles but have radial symmetry as adults are called _________.</b>
A. Onychophorans
B. Schyphozoans
C. Trilobites
D. Echinoderms
E. Myriapods
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D. Echinoderms
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<b>Annelids __________.</b>
A. All of the listed responses are correct
B. Include leeches, earthworms, and flatworms
C. Use their pseudocoeloms as hydrostatic skeletons
D. Have a mouth that is separate from the anus
E. Have characteristically long bodies with external, but not internal, segmentation
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D. Have a mouth that is separate from the anus
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<b>The choanocyte of a sponge and the nematocyst of a cnidarian both function in __________.</b>
A. Obtaining food
B. Reproduction
C. Sight
D. Locating mates
E. Locomotion
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A. Obtaining food
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<b>In the phylum Cnidaria, jellies are members of the ________ clade and corals are members of the ________ clade.</b>
A. Scyphozoan; hydrozoan
B. Anthozoan; medusozoan
C. Medusozoan; anthozoan
D. Scyphozoan; cubozoan
E. Schyphozoan; anthozoan
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E. Schyphozoan; anthozoan
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<b>_________ are characteristic of jellies.</b>
A. Collar cells
B. Choanocytes
C. Amoebocytes
D. Lophophores
E. Cnidocytes
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E. Cnidocytes
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<b>Which of the following is true about the phylum Cnidaria?</b>
A. The bodies of cnidarians are bilaterally symmetrical and show cephalization
B. All of the listed responses are correct
C. This phylum has more species than any other phylum
D. All cnidarians except corals are in the medusa stage
E. The bodies of its members are organized around a gastrovascular cavity
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E. The bodies of its members are organized around a gastrovascular cavity
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<b>Through what means do coral animals capture their food?</b>
A. Filter feeding
B. Tentacles that trap food particles
C. Teeth that shred their prey
D. Absorption of pre-digested food through their cuticle
E. Dinoflagellates, photosynthetic protists that live in the coral’s tissues
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B. Tentacles that trap food particles
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<b>________ is a compound produced by sponges that can kill ________.</b>
A. Penicillin; tapeworms
B. Choanostatin; cancer cells and drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus
C. Cribrostatin; cancer cells and drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus
D. Cribrostatin; tapeworms
E. Penicillin; drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus
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C. Cribrostatin; cancer cells and drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus
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<b>The two lineages of the phylum Platyhelminthes are the ________ and the ________.</b>
A. Catenulida; Trematodes
B. Rhabditophora; Trematodes
C. Catenulida; rotifers
D. Catenulida; Rhabditophora
E. Rhabditophora; rotifers
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D. Catenulida; Rhabditophora
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<b>During typical earthworm reproduction __________.</b>
A. Fertilization takes place during copulation between males and females
B. Reproduction is by parthenogenesis, with no male participation
C. Each individual fertilizes its own eggs with its own sperm (in self-fertilization)
D. Hermaphroditic individuals exchange sperm
E. Hermaphroditic individuals exchange eggs
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D. Hermaphroditic individuals exchange sperm
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<b>Which of the following is/are true about polychaete worms?</b>
A. They are unsegmented bilaterians
B. They are ecdysozoans
C. They have a water vascular system
D. They typically live in a marine environment
E. They feed by using nematocysts
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D. They typically live in a marine environment
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<b>In arthropods, molting is necessary because __________.</b>
A. Worn exoskeletons make arthropods more susceptible to predators
B. Arthropod appendages generally increase in number as the animal ages
C. The environment degrades the exoskeleton, which therefore must be shed and replaced
D. The exoskeleton is progressively reabsorbed by body tissue
E. The chitinous exoskeleton cannot grow
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E. The chitinous exoskeleton cannot grow
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<b>_________, account for ________ of all known animal species.</b>
A. Vertebrates, animals without a backbone; 95%
B. Invertebrates, animals with a backbone; 95%
C. Invertebrates, animals without a backbone; 95%
D. Invertebrates, animals without a backbone; 99%
E. Vertebrates, animals with a backbone; 95%
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C. Invertebrates, animals without a backbone; 95%
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<b>Tapeworms are highly specialized worms that make their living as endoparasites. To which of the following phyla do the tapeworms belong?</b>
A. Phylum Mollusca
B. Phylum Arthropoda
C. Phylum Nematoda
D. Phylum Platyhelminthes
E. Phylum Annelida
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D. Phylum Platyhelminthes
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<b>Sponges feed by __________.</b>
A. Absorbing nutrients from the guts of their hosts
B. Filtering small particles from water
C. Scraping bacteria and algae from hard substrates
D. Performing photosynthesis
E. Paralyzing small crustaceans with stinging cells
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B. Filtering small particles from water
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