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Which of the following is not a nucleotide found in DNA? |
uracil (U) |
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If the sequence of one strand of DNA is AGTCTAGC, what is the sequence of the complementary strand? |
TCAGATCG |
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In addition to the base, what are the other components of a nucleotide? |
phosphate and sugar |
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The _______ chromosomes in a human cell from inside the cheek are found in the _______. |
46; nucleus |
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Each chromosome contains __________. |
DNA and proteins |
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You can detect DNA that is specifically from the X chromosome in a DNA sample from a person. Why can’t you definitively determine the gender of that person (male or female) from the presence of the X chromosome? |
You would have to check for the presence of a Y chromosome. |
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Human red blood cells are enucleated (that is, they do not have nuclei). Is it possible to isolate DNA from red blood cells? Why or why not? |
No, the genomic DNA is found only in nucleated cells. |
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DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because a newly replicated, double-stranded DNA molecules consists of _______________. |
two strands, each with a mixture of old and new DNA |
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Which of the following statements about PCR is TRUE? |
(T) DNA polymerase is the enzyme that copies DNA in PCR. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that copies DNA in PCR. |
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What naturally occurring process does PCR mimic in a test tube? |
DNA replication |
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If you start with one copy of a DNA fragment, how many rounds of PCR will it take to end up with a total of 32 copies? |
16 |
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Complete the following statements regarding the steps necessary to copy a DNA sequence during PCR: |
1) heat, 2) polymerase; complementary nucleotides |
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What is the purpose of careful primer design before PCR? |
Primers dictate the specificity of the place you are amplifying and Primers must "sit" on the original DNA strand to give polymerase a place to start replication. |
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An individual’s STR may vary from the same STR of another individual by _____________. |
the number of times a particular sequence is repeated |
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Which of the following represents genetic variation between individuals? |
the presence of STRs in their genomes |
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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA for profiling based on ______________. |
size (length) |
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The entire sequence of DNA in a cell used for DNA profiling is called the __________. |
genome |
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Which STR will have migrated farthest through an electrophoresis gel? |
GAAG repeated twice |
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You are studying the DNA profile of an individual, and you are looking at the results for a chromosome with just one STR site. How many bands will you see? |
either 1 or 2 |
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Which of the following people would have DNA that is least similar to yours? |
your mother’s brother |
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DNA evidence can give an investigator information regarding which of the following? |
family relationships between suspects, identity of an individual based on a profile, and locations of an individual |
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How many STRs are typically used to create a profile in forensic investigations? |
15 |
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You are investigating a crime. The DNA profile database has no perfect matches to the DNA collected at the crime scene. However, one profile in the database has at least one band in common with the crime scene DNA at every STR site. Which of the following is the most likely conclusion can you draw? |
A parent-child relationship exists between the DNA collected at the crime scene and the DNA in the database. |
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From the STRs used in a forensic investigation, which STRs on which chromosomes would be particularly useful in determining whether crime scene evidence was left by a female or a male? |
Y chromosome STR |
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