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What is the main reason why the oceans are salty? |
Weathering of rocks releases chemical elements that make the oceans salty. |
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Which, if any, of the following is NOT a common trigger for slope failure? |
adding water to a slope, volcanic eruption, shaking during an earthquake, oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction, (all of these are common triggers for slope failure). |
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Which, if any, of the following is probably NOT important in assessing an area’s potential for slope failure? |
All of these are important. |
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Compared to a gentle slope, a steep slope will have a |
slower rate of soil formation and less soil. |
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What is the main force involved in the stability of slopes? |
gravity |
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Which sequence of events is required to form a limestone cave where you can walk around and observe cave formations, such as stalactites? (Note: stalactites hang from the ceiling – they have to hold on tight to the roof.) |
limestone is below the water table, then lowering of the water table, then water dripping from the ceiling |
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What geologic event is probably indicated by this irregular coast, with estuaries? |
a rise in sea level |
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Factors that affect the appearance of a shoreline include |
the hardness of bedrock along the coast, climate and vegetation, whether sea level has risen or fallen relative to the coast (all of these) |
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What was a key point demonstrated by photographs in the textbook from before and after hurricanes? |
Waves and storm surge caused erosion of beaches and destruction of houses. |
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It has been proposed that the reason that the Pacific Ocean has many more coral reefs than the Atlantic Ocean is that |
the last glacial advance left the Atlantic too cold to allow coral to survive. |
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Which of the following can influence whether a coast gains or loses sand with time? |
the amount of precipitation on land, the amount of sediment in rivers, a longshore current , prevailing wind direction (all of these) |
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What does LIDAR data tell us about shorelines? |
changes in elevation, including destruction of houses |
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Summer temperatures are high in arid climates because |
high sun angle and low relative humidity |
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Köppen’s intent in developing his climatic classification system was to correlate temperature and precipitation with |
vegetation |
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Which of the following is a correct example of global warming creating a positive feedback |
Ice has a higher albedo than water so replacing ice with water causes the surface to warm. |
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Where there are abrupt changes in elevation, climate patterns |
change over short distances especially over land |
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In the last 200 years, sea level has risen approximately |
.2m |
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Temperatures become more variable and precipitation decreases as one travels from west to east from Europe into Asia. This is best explained by |
prevailing westerlies and the orientation of mountain chains |
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Which of the following is true about biomes in general? |
Biogeographers disagree on how many biomes there are, and which types of landscapes should be considered part of the same biome. |
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Elevation affects the distribution of terrestrial biomes through its effect on |
both temperature and precipitation. |
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The effects of global climate change are magnified in mountainside environments because |
there are such narrow belts of different ecosystems that would shift abruptly. |
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In the map below, lavender represents |
tundra |
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The boreal forest biome is known for its |
coniferous trees. |
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The environmental boundaries between biomes, called ecotones, are: |
represent a gradual shift in biotic features |
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Green |
Grasslands |
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Light green |
Temperate forest |
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Brown |
Desert |
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Pink |
Tropical rainforest |
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Orange |
Subtropical scrub & woodland |
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Geophysical feature of the Bering Sea area |
Convergent plate boundary |
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Geophysical feature of the East African Rift |
Divergent boundary |
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New Oceanic Lithosphere forms at |
Divergent plate boundary |
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What type of boundary is depicted on the western coast of South America? |
Convergent |
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Convergent plate boundary |
When two plates come together, colliding many times, creating an earthquake, volcano, and tsunami |
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Divergent plate boundary |
two plates spreading away from each other |
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