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Hardness describes a mineral’s __________. |
resistance to being scratched |
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What is the basic foundation of Moh’s hardness scale? |
If a mineral scratches an object, then the mineral is harder than the object. |
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Name the hardest and softest mineral on the Moh’s scale. |
Diamond (hardest) and talc (softest) |
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What mineral is not scratched by a fingernail, but is scratched by a copper penny? |
Calcite |
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Which of the following best describes the term cleavage? |
Cleavage is the splitting of minerals along natural planes of weakness. |
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What causes a lack of cleavage in some minerals? |
Bonds of equal strength in all directions |
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Quartz exhibits __________. |
conchoidal fracture |
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The principal mineral used in making glass is: |
quartz. |
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All of the following criteria define a mineral |
it is inorganic. It is naturally occurring. It has a well-defined chemical composition. It has an orderly internal structure. |
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Which of the following substances is a mineral? |
quartz |
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The silicon-oxygen tetrahedron contains: |
one silicon atom and four oxygen atoms. |
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The ratio of silicon to oxygen atoms in silicate minerals depends on: |
how the atoms in silicon-oxygen tetrahedra are shared. |
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In silicate minerals, the type of cleavage or fracture is influenced by: |
the bonding of the silicon-oxygen tetrahedra within the mineral. |
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The arrangement of the silicon-oxygen tetrahedra in ferromagnesian (iron- and magnesium-bearing) silicate minerals is typically: |
in a chain. |
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The mineral fluorite is an example of: |
a halide mineral. |
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The external expression of a mineral’s orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as: |
its crystal form. |
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The property of cleavage reflects: |
mechanical breakage along planes of weakness within the mineral. |
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In the field, you find an unidentified mineral that is clear, exhibits conchoidal fracture, and can scratch glass. This mineral is most likely: |
quartz. |
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While studying some sedimentary rocks in your field area, you find a mineral with rhombohedral cleavage that reacts with hydrochloric acid. You determine that this mineral is: |
calcite |
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Regardless of their size, most rocks are made up of __________. |
minerals |
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Minerals must be solid, have an orderly atomic structure, have a recognized chemical composition, be naturally occurring, and __________. |
be generally inorganic in origin |
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A scientist creates diamonds using high-pressure laboratory experiments. These diamonds are not considered minerals because which of the following requirements has been violated? |
Minerals must occur naturally. |
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Which of the following is a mineral? |
Ice |
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Why glass is not considered a mineral? |
Glass has a disorderly atomic structure. |
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