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Stress can be the result of
a. negative situations.
b. pleasurable challenges.
c. achievement of goals.
d. all of these
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d
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Which of the following is an example of a stressor?
a. sweating palms
b. getting a flat tire
c. release of endorphins
d. flushed face
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b
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The term stressor is best defined as
a. any physical or psychological event that produces stress.
b. the nonspecific response of the body to any demand.
c. the physical and emotional changes associated with stress.
d. an unpleasant stress state believed to cause illness.
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a
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The term stress response is best defined as
a. any physical or psychological event that produces stress.
b. the nonspecific response of the body to any demand.
c. the physical and emotional changes associated with stress.
d. an unpleasant stress state believed to cause illness.
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c
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Stress is best defined as
a. a physical response to an unpleasant event.
b. the general physical and emotional state associated with the stress response.
c. perception of one’s circumstances.
d. adaptation to an event, perceived or real.
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b
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The parasympathetic division is best defined as
a. a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during times of arousal, including exercise, and when there is an emergency, such as severe pain, anger, or fear.
b. a part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many bodily functions.
c. a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when you are relaxed and aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth.
d. the branch of the peripheral nervous system that governs motor functions and sensory information; it is largely under conscious control.
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c
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The sympathetic division is best defined as
a. a division of the autonomic nervous system that activates during times of arousal, including exercise, and when there is an emergency, such as severe pain, anger, or fear.
b. a part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many bodily functions.
c. a division of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when you are relaxed and aids in digesting food, storing energy, and promoting growth.
d. the branch of the peripheral nervous system that governs motor functions and sensory information; it is largely under conscious control.
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a
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Which of the following best describes the endocrine system?
a. affects body functions through the release of hormones
b. controls body functions through effective responses
c. a combination of autonomic and somatic nerves
d. a combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
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a
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Your body begins releasing endorphins, your heart rate accelerates, and your hearing and vision become more acute. You are experiencing
a. the fight-or-flight reaction.
b. homeostasis.
c. a reaction of the somatic nervous system.
d. adaptive energy response.
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a
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Which of the following does NOT increase during the fight-or-flight reaction?
a. perspiration
b. heart rate
c. blood sugar levels
d. digestion
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d
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Homeostasis is defined as a state in which
a. vital functions of the body are increased.
b. vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level.
c. vital functions of the body are decreased.
d. some body functions increase while others decrease.
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b
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The somatic nervous system manages
a. conscious actions.
b. emotions.
c. the fight-or-flight reaction to a stressor.
d. hormones released in response to a stressor.
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a
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Which of the following is NOT an example of an effective response to stress?
a. overeating
b. laughing
c. talking
d. meditating
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a
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Which of the following is an example of an effective response to stress?
a. using tobacco
b. drinking alcohol
c. taking drugs
d. learning new time-management skills
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d
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Making the choice to go for a walk to cope with stress is controlled by which of the following nervous systems?
a. autonomic
b. sympathetic
c. parasympathetic
d. somatic
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d
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Which term best fits a Type A personality?
a. patient
b. relaxed
c. cynical
d. passive
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c
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Which of the following describes a person with a Type B personality?
a. ultracompetitive
b. contemplative
c. hostile
d. controlling
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b
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Which personality trait seems to enable people to deal more successfully with stress?
a. hardiness
b. excitability
c. cynical
d. hostile
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a
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A person who has difficulty expressing emotions, suppresses anger, and feels hopeless has characteristics of which personality type?
a. Type A
b. Type B
c. Type C
d. Type D
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c
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Which statement about people with hardy personalities is FALSE?
a. They view stressors as challenges.
b. They have less intense reactions to stressors.
c. They have a strong external locus of control.
d. They feel at least partly in control of their lives.
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c
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Lia has a "hardy" personality. How is she likely to react or respond to a stressor?
a. Lia has an exaggerated stress response.
b. Lia views the stressor in a relaxed and contemplative way.
c. Lia feels hopeless and doesn’t think she can handle the situation.
d. Lia views the stressor as a challenge and an opportunity to learn.
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d
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The normal progression for the general adaptation syndrome is
a. alarm, exhaustion, resistance.
b. exhaustion, alarm, resistance.
c. resistance, exhaustion, alarm.
d. alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
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d
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The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) theorizes that stress
a. is always unpleasant.
b. can be either eustress or distress.
c. follows a very unpredictable pattern.
d. is unrelated to disease.
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b
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With sustained stress, a new level of homeostasis occurs during the __________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
a. alarm
b. exhaustion
c. fight-or-flight
d. resistance
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d
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Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. What stage of GAS is Tom in?
a. alarm
b. acceleration
c. resistance
d. exhaustion
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a
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Eustress
a. is stress triggered by an unpleasant event.
b. is stress triggered by a pleasant event.
c. is stress triggered during dangerous situations.
d. causes a physical response that is different than that caused by distress.
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b
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The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed
a. eustress.
b. distress.
c. homeostasis
d. allostatic load.
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d
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Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interactions among
a. the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.
b. psychology, immunology, and endocrinology.
c. neuroanatomy, psychology, and immunology.
d. the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous systems, and the immune system.
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a
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Which of the following health problems has NOT been linked to uncontrolled stress?
a. Type 1 diabetes
b. tension headaches
c. insomnia
d. ulcers
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a
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A good strategy for overcoming insomnia is to
a. sleep in on weekends.
b. not eat a meal or snack for at least 2 hours before bedtime.
c. drink an alcoholic beverage at bedtime to help you relax.
d. use your bed only for sleeping and not for eating, reading, or watching television.
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d
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Stress may increase risk for cardiovascular disease by increasing
a. maximal oxygen consumption.
b. blood pressure.
c. HDL cholesterol.
d. glucose tolerance.
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b
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Which of the following statements about regular exercise and its ability to help manage stress is FALSE?
a. Exercise enhances one’s sense of general well-being.
b. Exercise reduces energy levels.
c. Exercise reduces anxiety levels.
d. Exercise decreases tension.
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b
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When dealing with stress, compulsive exercise can NOT
a. strengthen your immune system.
b. lead to depression and irritability.
c. lead to fatigue and diminished performance.
d. become an additional stressor.
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a
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A good nutritional strategy for coping with stress is to
a. take high-potency vitamins.
b. limit caffeine intake.
c. take amino acid supplements.
d. eat chocolate.
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b
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Individuals who have trouble expressing their anger might benefit from
a. therapy to change their personality.
b. modeling a person whose anger is easily triggered.
c. behavior modification through psychoanalysis.
d. assertiveness training.
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d
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Which of the following stressors would NOT be the result of poor time management?
a. overcommitment
b. procrastination
c. boredom
d. loneliness
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d
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Which of the following is recommended by your text as a time-management strategy?
a. Focus on long-term goals.
b. Schedule tasks for peak efficiency.
c. Work on pleasant tasks first.
d. Work on one task at a time rather than consolidating tasks.
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b
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Which of the following is NOT recommended by your text as a time-management strategy?
a. Say no when necessary.
b. Try doing things yourself rather than delegating.
c. Consolidate tasks when possible.
d. Set priorities.
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b
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Which of the following statements about anger is FALSE?
a. It is better for wellness to be aggressive rather than assertive.
b. If anger is justified, then calm but assertive communication is appropriate.
c. To deal with anger in someone else, respond asymmetrically with calm.
d. Former drug abuse is a warning sign for potential violence.
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a
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off explosive anger?
a. having a drink
b. reframing your thoughts
c. distracting yourself
d. having a cooling off period
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a
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Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk?
a. "I wonder why my boss wants to see me. I guess I’ll just have to wait and see."
b. "I’ll have to start working on my next paper earlier, so I can do a better job."
c. "I won the speech contest, but only because none of the other speakers were very good."
d. "Too bad I missed that one problem through carelessness, but overall I did pretty well on this test."
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c
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Which of the following does NOT occur during the relaxation response?
a. decreased heart rate
b. increased blood flow to the brain
c. decreased breathing
d. increased blood flow to the muscles
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d
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The relaxation technique that directly addresses muscle tension is
a. progressive relaxation.
b. visualization.
c. meditation.
d. controlled breathing.
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a
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Progressive relaxation is best described as
a. a cognitive exercise.
b. a form of intellectual development.
c. an activity alternating muscle tension and relaxation.
d. a specialized form of cardiorespiratory endurance training.
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c
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The relaxation technique that asks the person to identify all the perceptible qualities of a relaxing environment is
a. progressive relaxation.
b. visualization.
c. meditation.
d. controlled breathing.
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b
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Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?
a. loss of pleasure in usual activities
b. autonomy
c. increased social interaction
d. loss of memory
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a
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Which of the following statements about depression and suicide is FALSE?
a. Severe depression is linked to suicide.
b. A sudden lightening of mood in a depressed person indicates the danger of suicide has passed.
c. Treatments for depression are widely available and highly effective.
d. Talking about suicide and about contemplated methods of suicide is a warning sign of suicide.
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b
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Stress can result from either negative or positive situations.
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t
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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system initiates the stress response.
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f
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Endorphins are released during the fight-or-flight reaction to relieve pain in case of injury.
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t
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The fight-or-flight reaction occurs even if a physical response to a stressor is unnecessary.
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t
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Behavioral responses to stress are controlled by the somatic nervous system.
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t
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People with a Type A personality tend to be stress-resistant.
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f
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Self disclosure involves revealing personal information that we ordinarily wouldn’t reveal because of the risk involved.
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t
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People with a hardy personality respond very intensely to stressors.
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f
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The "tend-and-befriend" response to stressors is more common in women than in men.
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t
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Past experiences can affect behavioral responses to a particular stressor.
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t
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Stress triggered by pleasant stressors is called distress.
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f
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Stress triggered by unpleasant stressors is called eustress.
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f
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The alarm stage of GAS is controlled by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.
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f
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A high allostatic load can be due to poor adaptation to common stressors.
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t
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Chronic high blood pressure is a major cause of atherosclerosis.
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t
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Uncontrolled stress may lead to menstrual irregularities, impotence, and pregnancy complications.
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t
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Major life changes are more likely to cause stress-related illness in someone with a strong support network compared with someone who is more of a loner.
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f
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People who work in rewarding "helping" professions, such as teachers and social workers, are less prone to burnout than people in other types of professions.
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f
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Those who exercise regularly have a milder physical stress response than non-exercisers.
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t
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Caffeine consumption is associated with lower levels of cortisol.
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f
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Adequate sleep improves mood, fosters feelings of competence and self-worth, enhances mental functioning, and supports emotional functioning.
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t
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Volunteering in one’s community can promote spiritual wellness.
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t
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Expecting perfection and expecting the worst are both examples of cognitive distortions associated with negative self-talk.
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t
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Meditation practices can elicit the relaxation response.
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t
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The relaxation response signals your readiness for action.
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f
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Insomnia and poor appetite are possible symptoms of depression.
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t
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Physiological changes in fight or flight response
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pupils dilate, endorphines released, hearing becomes more accurate, digestion stops, bladder relaxes
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