Health Exam 2

The amount of nutrients needed by half of the people in any one age group is known as the

Estimated Average Requirement.

The average daily amount of any one nutrient an individual needs to protect against nutritional deficiency is called the

Recommended Dietary Allowance.

Intake ranges that provide adequate nutrition and that are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease are called the

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

The set of scientifically based recommendations designed to promote health and reduce the risk for many chronic diseases through diet and physical activity is known as the

Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

My Plate is used on food labels and indicates how a particular food contributes to the recommended daily intake of
major nutrients in a 2,000-calorie diet

False

Mixing hard alcohol with energy drinks can disguise the intoxication effects of the alcohol.

True

Neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious food are called

food deserts.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range is the amount of a nutrient one can consume without risk of developing a chronic disease.

True

Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient?

vitamins

When Kristi, a vegetarian, combines foods such as beans and rice to consume the right amino acids, she is practicing

mutual supplementation.

The fatty acids now considered most hazardous to health are the

trans fatty acids.

To translate DRIs and the Dietary Guidelines into healthy food choices, the USDA also publishes MyPlate, a graphic nutritional tool that can be customized depending on your calorie needs.

True

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight foods most responsible for food allergies?

chocolate

Approximately how many Americans die every year from foodborne illness?

3,000

Which of the following statements about E. coli is true?

Some infections can be fatal to humans.

All of the following are functions of water, EXCEPT
helping to regulate body temperature.
lubricating our moving parts.
absorbing and transporting nutrients.
providing energy for the nervous system.

providing energy for the nervous system.

Carbohydrates are the class of macronutrients that supply energy for brain cells.

true

Your body uses protein to

build and maintain body tissue.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about fats in food?

Fats are the principal form of stored energy in the body.

Oxygen in the body is metabolized to produce unstable molecules called ________, which can damage cell DNA.

free radicals

Across age and income-level trends, women consume more sugar than men.

False

Which of the following statements is TRUE of organic foods?

They may place consumers at higher risk of contracting foodborne illnesses.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common pathogens that cause food infection?

Listeria ivanovii

What is the number-one cause of food poisoning outbreaks in the United States?

eggs containing salmonella enteritis

The FDA has concluded that all genetically modified food products require special safety testing.

False

Asparagus, avocados, and bananas carry little pesticide residue, whether grown conventionally or organically.

True

The use of low-dose antibiotics in livestock for non-medical reasons also helps prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs."

False

Consumers have no way of knowing where a bunch of grapes for sale in the grocery store was grown and harvested.

False

Which of the following statements about sodium intake is TRUE?

According to CDC findings, two of three adults are at risk for sodium sensitivity.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding food allergies?

Food allergies cause life-threatening reactions in many people.

Eggs, peanuts, and milk are three of the eight foods that account for 90 percent of food allergies.

True

Most food reactions are caused by food allergies rather than food intolerances.

False

Suzie is having lunch at a fast-food restaurant. She is trying to make healthier dietary choices. Which of the following is the healthiest menu option for Suzie?

grilled fish on whole wheat roll with no sauce

In 2010, the USDA introduced _____, a visual icon that illustrates the five food groups and is intended as a reminder to Americans about maintaining balanced diets.

MyPlate

The FDA endorses content claims on FOPs (front-of-package labels).

False

Vegetarian diets may offer protection against heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, digestive disorders, obesity, and some forms of cancer.

True

Packaged-food labels are regulated by the FDA, while labeling of meat and poultry products is regulated by the USDA.

True

Which group has the lowest percentage of members who meet the USDA’s Physical Activity Guidelines for Aerobic and
Muscle-Strengthening Activity?

Hispanic adults

More women than men meet the USDA’s Physical Activity Guidelines for Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Activity.

False

When does the most significant drop in physical activity typically occur in people’s lives?

later high school years and freshman year of college

Common barriers to an active lifestyle cited by adults include all of the following, EXCEPT

social pressures.

Which of the following statements about changing one’s lifestyle to be more active is FALSE?

The termination stage comes when an individual becomes unable to do the behavior.

A network of people who can join you in your activities can make the difference between a sedentary and an active lifestyle.

True

Many communities are passing public policies and laws that encourage physical activity.

True

The four components of cardiorespiratory training do NOT include

weight.

Which of the following statements about the frequency of cardiorespiratory training is FALSE?

In general, it is necessary to exercise at least five times a week to obtain adaptation changes in the cardiorespiratory system.

In general, you must exercise at least _____ a week to experience improvements in cardiorespiratory functioning.

twice

Which of the following statements about flexibility and flexibility training is FALSE?

Stretch before your other exercise in order to see greatest improvement in flexibility.

The ACSM recommends that people exercise at a THR between 25 and 40 percent of their maximum heart rate.

False

You can turn light activity into moderate activity by increasing the

intensity.

After a person has walked for a couple of weeks, he or she should focus on taking quicker steps and swinging arms.

True

Biking is the most popular physical activity in North America.

False

Women who do moderate or vigorous physical activity at least four hours a week reduce their risk of premature death.

True

Walking 10,000 steps is equivalent to energy expenditures between 300 to 400 calories per day, depending on body size and walking speed.

True

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that adults do moderate-intensity exercise for at least
150 minutes per week.

True

Moderate-to-intensive levels of physical activity have been shown to
influence mood.
decrease the risk of depression and anxiety.
All of the answers are correct.
relieve stress.

All of the answers are correct.

What is "green exercise"?

exercising outdoors in natural settings

Which of the following statements about physical activity is FALSE?

Short-term exercise training significantly improves cognitive functioning.

Aerobic fitness may prevent or slow down the loss of cognitive functions associated with advancing age.

True

Which of the following statements regarding warm-ups and cool-downs is FALSE?

Taking a hot shower immediately after a main exercise program effectively aids in cool-down and blood-flow return to the heart.

If you experience a soft tissue injury, one of the first steps you should take is to

elevate the area of the injury.

Krista is a softball catcher in Texas. Which of the following is NOT one of the key strategies Krista would use to prevent excessive increases in body temperature and heat disorders?

hypothermia

Fainting or coronary abnormalities may occur following exercise as blood pools in the extremities.

True

People who exercise in the winter need to be vigilant about consuming enough fluid when exercising.

True

According to Health and Human Services (HHS) physical activity guidelines, exercise sessions of only 10 minutes do not count toward a person’s weekly accumulation of physical activity.

False

What is the most popular physical activity in North America?

walking

Which of the following is an example of health-related fitness?

body composition

Which of the following types of fitness is most concerned with the speed at which you can perform an action?

skill-related fitness

_____ is generally defined as an inability to continue exercising at a desired level of intensity.

Fatigue

Individuals with a(n) _____ body type gain muscle more easily than other body types.

mesomorphic

Which of the following statements regarding flexibility programs is FALSE?

You will experience the greatest improvement in flexibility if you do your stretching exercises before aerobic exercise.

Core-strength training is also called functional strength training.

True

Warm-up and cool-down activities should last for _____ minutes.

5-10

For most Americans, the most significant drop in physical activity typically occurs when they are at about the age of

18.

To estimate one’s daily energy requirements, consider all of the following, EXCEPT

energy spent during sleep.

Which of the following is TRUE about basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Increased muscle mass is associated with a higher BMR.

For a person who is trying to lose weight, a weight loss of ________ pounds per week is a healthy goal.

1 to 2

High-fat foods have a greater thermic effect than foods high in complex carbohydrates.

False

Your baseline energy expenditure varies with changes in the environment like temperature, trauma, and hormonal changes.

True

Which of the following statements about weight in the different phases of life is TRUE?
Girls experience an increase in body fat during puberty.

Weight gained in early pregnancy always recedes following birth.

Middle age is often a time of weight maintenance.

Childhood obesity is not a strong determinant for adult obesity.

Girls experience an increase in body fat during puberty.

Of the following, the greatest influence on the growth of weight problems in America is

the growing availability of unhealthy foods.

The term obesogenic environment refers to an environment where circumstances make it impossible to maintain a healthy weight.

False

To find a weight loss plan that offers the best chance of success, you should AVOID plans that

will drastically change your eating patterns.

A very-low-calorie diet (800 calories or less daily) is

only recommended under a doctor’s supervision.

Sheriz has started taking a diet drug but has experienced stomach cramps, gas, and fecal incontinence. What diet
drug is Sheriz most likely taking?

Orlistat

_____ is a nonprescription stimulant, formerly found in over-the-counter weight loss supplements, that may cause cardiac arrhythmia and even death by constricting blood vessels while increasing the heart rate and speeding up the nervous system.

Ephedra

Which of the following statements about the size acceptance movement is NOT true?

It encourages thin people to support overweight people with their weight loss efforts.

The body mass index (BMI) is used mainly to determine

how your body weight may affect your health.

Who of the following has a body fat percentage outside of the range generally considered healthy?

Richard, a dentist, with 26 percent body fat

All of the following indicate a healthy body weight EXCEPT
the absence of medical conditions that suggest a need for weight loss.

a weight within an acceptable range for one’s height.

a fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness.

a weight within the common range for one’s age group

a weight within the common range for one’s age group.

There are no clear, accepted guidelines for healthy body fat ranges.

True

A body fat percentage below a healthy range can cause health problems such as infertility, depression, and lack of menstruation.

True

For individuals, achieving a healthy body weight for life depends mainly on

lifestyle.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended lifestyle change in order to improve your overall health?

Exercise alone so you can set your own pace.

Food subsidies and pricing strategies are simply not feasible broad-based interventions to alter eating patterns.

False

The U.S. Surgeon General has asked that all schools reduce junk food and promote healthy, balanced meals.

True

Between 1985 and 2000, the price of soft drinks increased 20 percent, but the price of fruits and vegetables increased more than 100 percent.

True

In the graph, the latest data suggests that the highest rates of obesity in the United States is centered in

the South.

According to the latest data in the text, which of the following has the lowest percentage of obese Americans?

the West

Obesity is defined as having a body mass index higher than

30.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the genetics of obesity?

Twin studies support a genetic tendency toward obesity.

At what age does weight typically begin to decline for men and women due to causes such as less muscle tissue, less body mass, and a decreased caloric need?

60

After puberty, a boy of healthy weight typically levels off at _____ percent body fat.

15

What type of diet drug is Orlistat?

fat-blocking

Very-low-calorie diets are reserved only for patients with high health risks due to obesity; they involve an intake of 800 or fewer calories each day.

True

Which of the following is TRUE of the size acceptance movement?

Body image ideals are discouraged.

A major goal of the size acceptance movement is to combat appearance stereotyping.

True

Managing the cues in your environment that encourage unhealthy eating habits is called

stimulus control.

Behavior management tools can help you learn new eating and activity patterns. Which of the following is an example of self-supervision?

keeping a food journal

Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders is FALSE?
In the last 30 years, the number of diagnosed cases of eating disorders in the United States has declined.

Eating disorders are mainly found in Western developed countries.

Eating disorders are more prevalent where food is abundant.

The frequency of eating disorders in a society appears directly related to rates of dieting.

In the last 30 years, the number of diagnosed cases of eating disorders in the United States has declined.

All of the following are standards used for diagnosing anorexia nervosa, EXCEPT
intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight.

amenorrhea.

disturbance in the way in which body weight or shape is perceived.

lack of appetite.

refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height.

lack of appetite

Individuals with eating disorders share many of the same thought patterns as people with which condition?

depression

Rachel purges her food after meals. She can expect all of the following health effects, EXCEPT

activation of starvation mode, shutting down all unnecessary activity.

The most important part of treating eating disorders is

psychological counseling.

Scott uses exercise to gain a sense of control and accomplishment. He continues to exercise even though he has extreme tendonitis in his knees. Scott most likely has what disorder?

activity disorder

Which of the following statements about activity disorder is FALSE?

Activity disorder is more common among women than men.

The female athlete triad is composed of three conditions, in the following order:

disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis.

Which of the following is NOT a first sign of the female athlete triad?

avoiding social situations

One of the physical symptoms of activity disorder is muscle degeneration.

True

Which of the following is TRUE of cosmetic surgery?

Some people, such as women who undergo breast-reduction surgery, can experience psychological and physical benefits.

Which of the following statements about body dysmorphic disorder is FALSE?
It is characterized by a preoccupation with a defect in appearance.

The preoccupation causes significant distress.

A person who suffers from this disorder will seek relationships or social situations in order to stop thinking about his or her appearance.

The preoccupation can be about a wholly imagined defect or an exaggerated concern about a slight defect.

A person who suffers from this disorder will seek relationships or social situations in order to stop thinking about his or her appearance.

People who have body dysmorphic disorder only perceive a fault in the size of their muscles.

False

Muscle dysmorphia may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

True

Improved self-esteem is one of the most common reasons for individuals wanting a tattoo removed.

True

Which of the following statements about eating disorders and puberty is FALSE?
By sixth grade, twice as many girls as boys consider themselves fat.

Female body fat naturally increases during puberty in response to hormones.

Boys are likely to be dissatisfied with their upper-body image during puberty.

Male body fat naturally increases during puberty in response to hormones.

Male body fat naturally increases during puberty in response to hormones.

Which of the following statements about ethnicity and body image is FALSE?
White males appear to engage in more extreme weight loss strategies and binge eating than do non-White males.

Black men report more positive body image than White men.

Native American men report slightly greater body-image concerns than White men.

Studies have reported conflicting results concerning similar body image concerns among White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic women.

White males appear to engage in more extreme weight loss strategies and binge eating than do non-White males.

Although men diet, they do so for different reasons than females do. Males tend to focus their attention on _____, whereas women focus on weight.

shape

Eating disorders among men have been underdiagnosed because they have been considered a female problem.

True

Sports may provide protection against eating disorders by promoting a focus on performance rather than appearance.

True

The Girl Scouts does not offer resources for promoting a healthy body image.

False

College campus life does not allow many opportunities for people to recognize individuals who are at risk for disordered eating patterns.

False

All of the following are ways that campuses can help in the prevention and treatment of disordered eating, EXCEPT
health and counseling services should be visible and accessible so that students feel comfortable accessing help.

take advantage of the many opportunities to recognize individuals who are at risk for disordered eating patterns.

promote students spending time alone, away from the pressures caused by social environments.

train professors, coaches, residence advisors and other staff to watch for signs that students are having trouble with the transition to college.

promote students spending time alone, away from the pressures caused by social environments.

Public health approaches to promoting a healthy body image include the "Love Your Body Day" campaign.

True

Girls Inc. is a nationwide educational and advocacy organization that encourages girls to be "strong, smart, and beautiful."

False

Grooming products are increasingly becoming more acceptable for males, as advertisers use product names that suggest ____________, to attract males.

power

Black women are less satisfied with their appearance than Caucasian women are.

False

Which organization sets the standards for diagnosing eating disorders?

American Psychiatric Association

What condition carries the highest death rate of all psychiatric diagnoses?

anorexia nervosa

Which eating disorder is most closely associated with electrolyte imbalances?

bulimia nervosa

Muscle dysmorphia may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder.

True

Which of the following statements about activity disorder is FALSE?
It often resembles anorexia or bulimia.

Perfectionists may be more susceptible to it than other people.

It is more common among women than men.

Exercise is used to gain a sense of control and self-esteem.

It is more common among women than men.

People with activity disorder control their bodies or alter their moods by over involvement in exercise or an addiction to exercise.

True

Public health approaches to promoting a healthy body image focus mainly on debunking fad diets.

False