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Which of the following are types of volcanoes? |
Shield volcano Composite volcano Cinder Cone |
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What information do geologists use to classify volcanoes? |
Shape and type of deposits |
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Cinder cones are made of________. |
pyroclastic deposits |
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In general, how often do most cinder cones erupt? |
Most cinder cones erupt once. |
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What are shield volcanoes generally made of? |
Basalt flows |
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What is the range of shield volcano height? |
300 to 10,000 meters |
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What are composite volcanoes made of? |
Basalt flows Pyroclastic deposits |
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Why are shield volcanoes wider than composite volcanoes? |
The lava that flows out of shield volcanoes is more fluid than the lava that flows out of composite volcanoes. |
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What type of magma erupts out of dome complexes? |
Felsic magma |
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What type of volcanoes are the tallest? |
Shield volcanoes |
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What is the range of dome complex height? |
500 to 2,000 meters |
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In which of the following lava types would you expect to see the development of pahoehoe? |
basaltic |
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In which of the following lava types would you expect to find the greatest percentage of gases? |
rhyolitic |
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In which of the following types of lavas would you expect to find the greatest production of pyroclastic material? |
rhyolitic |
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What do we call pyroclastic material, ejected during a volcanic eruption, composed of incandescent lava that is greater than 64 millimeters (2.5 inches) in diameter? |
bombs |
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Which of the following gases is most abundant in basaltic lavas? |
water vapor |
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At which of the following tectonic settings would you expect to find volcanoes producing the highest volumes of pyroclastic material? |
subduction of an oceanic plate under a continental plate |
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At which of the following tectonic settings would you expect to find volcanoes producing significant amounts of very fluid, high-temperature lavas? |
mantle plumes |
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Which of the following would best describe the shape and composition of a volcano in the Cascade Range? |
Cone-shaped volcano with alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material |
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Which of the following statements describe a part of the process of the formation of the Cascade Mountain Range? |
Rising of magma to the surface Partial melting due to the presence of water Eruption of material at the surface |
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Which of the following volcanoes is associated with the Ring of Fire? |
Mt. Pinatubo |
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Which of the following features at Yellowstone National Park is evidence for a magma chamber beneath the park? |
Rising (or bowing upward) ground near Yellowstone River Welded tuff Geysers and hot springs (steam) |
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Which of the following pieces of evidence for a past volcanic eruption are present at Yellowstone National Park? |
Pyroclastic material Lava flows A caldera rim |
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Yellowstone is best described as which of the following? |
An active volcano that has erupted in the last 1 million years |
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Which of the following was a stage in the formation of Yellowstone caldera? |
Crust bows upward above a magma chamber. |
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What is the term for a tabular igneous pluton that occurs in an orientation that is discordant with the bedding surfaces of adjacent sedimentary rocks? |
dike |
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What is the term for a tabular igneous pluton that occurs in an orientation that is concordant with the bedding surfaces of adjacent sedimentary rocks? |
sill |
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Which of the following terms is best described as a massive pluton? |
batholith |
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Batholiths are known to form the cores of mountain ranges such as the Sierra Nevada. What is the implication of this observation? |
Because batholiths form deep within Earth, the occurrence of one at the surface implies that it has since been uplifted and/or the rocks above have been removed. |
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While working in the field, you find a dike cutting across some sedimentary rocks. What grain size would you expect to find in this pluton? |
fine-grained |
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When will magma rise to Earth’s surface? |
when the magma is less dense than adjacent rock |
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In general, when will melted rock in the mantle rise? |
almost always |
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How are felsic magmas formed? |
Heat from the mantle melts part of the lower crust. |
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In general, why does Earth’s crust sit on top of the mantle? |
Earth’s crust is less dense than the mantle. |
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How do mafic volcanic rocks get to Earth’s surface? |
Pressure from overlying crust forces mantle magmas through cracks to Earth’s surface. These magmas erupt out of volcanoes, cool, and solidify into rock. |
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What type of volcanism characterizes the ring of fire? |
volcanism caused by convergent oceanic-continental boundaries volcanism caused by convergent oceanic-oceanic boundaries |
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What type of boundary is present along the eastern boundary of the North American plate? |
divergent oceanic-oceanic |
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At what tectonic setting is Hawaii located? |
oceanic hot spot |
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What drives melting at divergent boundaries? |
decompression melting |
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Which of the following tectonic settings does NOT produce volcanism? |
transform boundary |
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