Geography 1010 – Chapter 13- Streams and flooding

Which of the following features are generally NOT associated with mountain streams and rivers?

meanders
rapids
waterfalls
canyons incised into bedrock

meanders

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

oxbow lake
cutbank
point bar
None of these.

point bar

Bedrock and sediment in a stream is most susceptible to erosion if it is

located in a turbulent part of the river.
in slow-moving water in an eddy.
in a site that is sheltered from oncoming clasts.
composed entirely of large clasts that affect stream flow.

located in a turbulent part of the river.

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

the amount of discharge increases
total sediment load increases
water velocity increases
channel size increases
All of these.

All of these.

At which site along this stream would a cut bank form?

C

Which of the following statements about streams is NOT true?

Base level is the lowest elevation to which a stream can erode.

Streams typically do not respond to a change in climate.

A steep stream high above base level generally will be eroding its channel.

Some streams can simply transport material instead of eroding or depositing material.

Streams typically do not respond to a change in climate.

Which of the following is properly called a flood?

if water spreads out over the floodplain
when water is 1 meter below the top of the channel
when a meander is cut off and forms a lake
when the entire bottom of the channel is covered with water

if water spreads out over the floodplain

Which of the following is true about how a stream erodes material?

Abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions.

Erosion occurs equally on two sides of a bend.

Turbulence of the water is less important than the temperature, which affects viscosity.

Water cannot erode unless it is carrying sediment.

All of these.

Abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions.

Which of the following is NOT associated with braided streams?
a broad sediment-covered plain
a range of sediment sizes, including sand and gravel
cutoff meanders
an abundant supply of sediment

cutoff meanders

Which of the following sediment sizes is likely to be transported mostly on the bottom of the stream bed?
fine sand
dissolved materials
sticky clay particles
pebbles and cobbles

pebbles and cobbles

Which of the following can have a significant effect on a river?

changes in climate
types of bedrock in the river
rises and drops in sea level
tectonics
All of these.

All of these.

What type of stream is shown in this figure?

meandering stream

What can you conclude by comparing the left and right hydrographs, each of which depict the same amount of time?

The left diagram has a higher peak discharge.

Neither graph shows a true flood.

The right diagram represents a quicker event, like a flash flood.

None of these.

The left diagram has a higher peak discharge.

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is a point bar?

A

What is a stream’s discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters, a depth of 2 meters, and a velocity of 2 meters per second? (Equation = width x depth x mps)

40 cubic meters per second
120 cubic meters per second
14 cubic meters per second
22 cubic meters per second
400 cubic meters per second

40 cubic meters per second

Which of the following features is NOT formed by stream deposition?
a floodplain
a waterfall
a delta
broad plains next to a braided stream

a waterfall

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

C

Which of the following is a condition favoring deposition of sediment?

an increase in the salt content of the water
an increase in turbulence of the water
a decrease in gradient of the stream
a decrease in grain size as a clast breaks into two pieces
an increase in water velocity

a decrease in gradient of the stream

What type of stream is shown in this photograph?

braided stream
a stream whose main channel has high sinuosity
an esker
meandering stream

braided stream

Which of the following accompanies urbanization (replacing farms and open areas with cities)?

Runoff becomes more spread out in time, increasing the amount of flooding.

Runoff becomes more spread out in time, reducing the amount of flooding.

The discharge pattern of streams in the area does not change.

Runoff occurs more quickly and produces a higher peak flow.

None of these.

Runoff occurs more quickly and produces a higher peak flow.