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Which of the following is true regarding the flooding of New Orleans in 2005? |
The city is almost entirely below the level of the Mississippi, with parts actually below sea level. |
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If you live in an area that was flooded by the 100 year flood last year, you can conclude that |
You could be flooded by the 100 year flood again this year. |
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The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to |
Decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge. |
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Natural levees are created during |
Floods. |
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Which of the following is true regarding floodplains? |
They are formed by recurrent flooding in the area adjacent to the stream. Natural levees on either side of a stream are formed during times when the stream is at flood stage and overflows the bank. They are generally low-lying areas. |
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An interruption in a stream’s graded profile of equilibrium is called a |
Nickpoint. |
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Which of the following is true of the longitudinal profile of most rivers? |
It is concave in shape. |
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A cutoff on a meandering stream results in the formation of |
An oxbow lake. |
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The maximum velocity line in a stream is |
At the center and near the surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel. |
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Which of the following is likely to occur if the gradient of a stream increases? Assume that the discharge and sediment load remain unchanged. |
The stream will begin to erode its channel and/or its banks. |
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Which of the following stream channel forms is likely to develop when aggradation greatly exceeds erosion? |
Braided channels. |
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The construction of a dam across a river is likely to cause____ upstream and____ downstream. |
Aggradation; erosion. |
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As base level is approached by a stream, the ability of a stream to erode its bed |
Decreases. |
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As a stream’s carrying capacity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last? |
Clay. |
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The total possible load a stream can transport is its____, whereas a stream’s ability to move particles of specific size is its_____. |
Capacity; competence. |
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The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that are |
Held aloft in the stream flow. |
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The largest material that can be carried by a stream is carried as |
Bed load. |
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Stream transport involves all of the following |
Saltation, bed load, traction. |
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As the discharge of a stream increases, which of the following also happens? |
Width, depth, and velocity all increase. |
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The degradation of a landscape by weathering, erosion, and transportation has an ultimate goal of reducing the landscape down to |
Base level, namely sea level. |
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The ultimate base level is |
Sea level. |
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John Wesley Powell put forward the idea of base level, which refers to |
An imagined surface that extends inland from sea level, and is inclined gently upward. A level below which a stream cannot erode its valley. |
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Stream capture refers to |
The process by which one channel erodes through a drainage divide and captures the headwater regions of another stream. |
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The glaciated shield regions of Canada and Northern Europe have disrupted surface drainage patterns that are called____ patterns. |
Deranged. |
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A central peak, or a dome of a volcanic mountain, generally produces____ drainage patterns. |
Radial. |
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Which of the following is correctly matched? |
D: Parallel. |
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Which drainage pattern is controlled by rock structures of variable resistance and folded strata? |
Trellis. |
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Which of the following stream channel types is likely to develop on gently sloping surfaces composed of rock or sediments with approximately the same resistance to erosion? Also assume that there are no structural controls on the pattern’s development. |
Dendritic. |
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Rectangular drainage patterns form as a result of_____. |
Flow through a faulted landscape. |
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Which of the following landforms is correctly matched with a drainage pattern? |
Volcano– radial. Folded mountain belt– trellis. Eroded dome– annular. |
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Stream drainage patterns are determined by which of the following? |
Slope, differing rock resistance, climatic and hyrdrologic variability. |
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Rivers east of the continental divide in the Rockies drain into the |
Gulf/Atlantic drainage. |
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Watersheds are defined by |
Drainage divides. |
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The general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is |
Alluvium. |
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Which of the following lists of processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature? |
Weathering, erosion, transport, deposition. |
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Stream-related processes are termed |
Fluvial. |
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Of the world’s largest rivers, which has the greatest discharge? |
Amazon River. |
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