FSHN 120 Final Exam

Which of the following groups are MOST vulnerable to dehydration?
a. infants and the elderly
b. adolescents and children
c. infants and pregnant women
d. pregnant women and the elderly

A.

Which of the following explains why folate is critical to the health of a newly conceived embryo?
A) Folate is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance.
B) Folate regulates bone formation.
C) Folate is essential for heart function.
D) Folate is needed for proper cell division.

D

The human body can synthesize which of the following vitamins?
A) vitamin K
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin C
D) thiamin

A

A major dietary source of iodine worldwide is
A) dairy products.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) iodized table salt.
D) salt water fish

C

Matt has just been diagnosed with hypertension, and his physician has instructed him to reduce his
sodium intake. Which of the following would be good advice for Matt?
A) Snack on fresh fruits and vegetables instead of salty snacks.
B) Do not rinse canned beans with cold water before eating.
C) Eat canned creamed corn instead of fresh.
D) Eat a variety of canned and dried soups.

A

What is the most common nutrient deficiency, worldwide?
A) iron
B) vitamin B12
C) folate
D) calcium

A

Premilk, which is rich in immune factors and protein, is also known by what name?
A) hindmilk
B) foremilk
C) meconium
D) colostrum

D

Good sources of riboflavin include
A) potatoes, carrots, and bananas.
B) milk, meats, and green vegetables.
C) citrus fruits and berries.
D) refined grains and pork.

B

On average, which of the following individuals would have the highest percentage of body water?
A) 35-year-old lean woman
B) 35-year-old overweight woman
C) 35-year-old lean man
D) 35-year-old overweight man

C

The primary sources of folate in the American diet are
A) meat, fish, and poultry.
B) enriched ready-to-eat cereals, bread, and grain products.
C) fresh fruits and vegetables.
D) milk and dairy products.

B

The stimulus that is needed for continued and sustained production of breast milk is
A) ovulation.
B) high protein intake by the mother.
C) high fluid intake by the mother.
D) infant suckling

D

Which of the following do sodium and potassium NOT have in common?
A) Both participate in maintaining fluid balance.
B) Both are involved in nerve transmission.
C) Both are major electrolytes in the body.
D) Rich sources of both include fresh foods, such as bananas, cantaloupe, and potatoes

D

Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with
A) neural tube defects.
B) Down’s syndrome.
C) gestational diabetes.
D) pellagra

A

Vitamin K deficiencies are rare because
A) absorption of vitamin K from dietary sources is close to 100%.
B) intestinal bacteria produce vitamin K.
C) the majority of people take vitamin K supplements.
D) most foods contain some vitamin K.

B

The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from
A) table salt.
B) alcohol.
C) vitamin supplements.
D) animal protein sources

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
A) fiber.
B) vitamin C.
C) fat.
D) calcium

C

Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods?
A) The infant can sit up with or without support.
B) The infant’s tongue extrusion reflex has begun to abate.
C) The infant is at least six months old.
D) The infant has high stores of iron.

D

Major minerals are those that the body needs in how many mg per day?
A) more than 50 mg
B) more than 300 mg
C) more than 200 mg
D) more than 100 mg

D

Which mineral’s absorption is enhanced greatly by vitamin C?
A) iron
B) manganese
C) sulfur
D) chromium

A

Which of the following individuals would LEAST likely need dietary supplementation?
A) people with lactose intolerance
B) people who eat a vegan diet
C) people who eat a balanced diet
D) pregnant teenagers

C

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
A) Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
B) Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic.
C) Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood.
D) Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.

A

In the United States, accidental overdose of which of the following is the most common cause of
poisoning deaths in children under six?
A) lead
B) iron
C) folate
D) zinc

B

High concentrations of homocysteine in the blood are associated with the development of
A) osteoporosis.
B) heart disease.
C) neural tube defects.
D) diabetes.

B

Unless prescribed by a qualified practitioner, taking a single-nutrient supplement is NOT
recommended because it
A) may quickly lead to a nutrient toxicity.
B) will cost too much money.
C) might lead to a nutrient dependency.
D) might reduce your appetite.

A

Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects?
A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) vitamin A
D) calcium

C

Which statement regarding thiamin is FALSE?
A) It plays a role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
B) It is often toxic when consumed in excess.
C) It plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy.
D) It acts as a coenzyme in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids

B

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
A) vitamins C and K
B) thiamin and riboflavin
C) vitamins A and D D) vitamins E and B12

C

Milk that is low in fat and produced first in a nursing session is known as
A) colostrum.
B) hindmilk.
C) foremilk.
D) final milk.

C

Hyponatremia is associated with
A) excessive intake of dietary sodium.
B) dehydration.
C) insufficient intake of dietary sodium.
D) overhydration

D

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamin?
A) green leafy vegetables
B) citrus fruits
C) pork products
D) milk

C

Bob’s physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following would
NOT be good advice for Bob to follow to increase his body’s absorption of dietary iron?
A) cooking his foods in cast-iron pans
B) eating meat with beans and vegetables
C) drinking a glass of milk with his iron supplement
D) drinking a glass of orange juice with his breakfast cereal

C

The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is
A) relaxation of the smooth muscles.
B) inadequate fluid intake by the mother.
C) overeating by the mother.
D) intolerance to prenatal vitamins

A

At what point during pregnancy is adequate folate MOST important?
A) immediately prior to delivery
B) during the second trimester
C) during the first four weeks after conception
D) during the third trimester

C

Why is it strongly recommended that infants NOT consume honey?
A) Honey can lead to chronic diarrhea in infants.
B) Honey contains spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
C) Infants do not like the taste of honey.
D) Honey consumption during infancy is associated with the development of dental caries

B

Chromium assists in the uptake of which of the following?
A) potassium
B) sodium
C) glucose
D) calcium

C

Celine visited her doctor to examine a cut that bled a lot before it clotted. Which of the following
deficiencies might cause increased bleeding?
A) copper
B) iron
C) zinc
D) vitamin K

D

In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens?
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

A

What percentage of an adult’s healthy body weight is fluid?
A) 50 to 90
B) 50 to 70
C) 50 to 30
D) 50

B

The chronic overconsumption of which of the following foods can result in a biotin deficiency?
A) natural licorice
B) grapefruit juice
C) herbal tea
D) raw egg white

D

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy is based on the
A) mother’s height.
B) mother’s weight at the end of the first trimester.
C) mother’s weight before becoming pregnant.
D) size of the fetus at 3 months’ gestation.

C

Which of the following is NOT associated with gestational diabetes?
A) delivery of a low birth weight infant
B) increased maternal risk of developing type 2 diabetes
C) increased fetal risk of developing type 2 diabetes
D) increased fetal risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life

A

A healthy-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy?
A) 25 to 35
B) 25 to 30
C) 25 to 40
D) 25 to 45

A

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?
A) thiamin
B) vitamin B12
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin C

B

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
A) Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms.
B) Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat.
C) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis

D

During the second and third trimesters, the caloric needs of a pregnant woman increase by how
many kilocalories per day?
A) 350 to 750
B) 350 to 500
C) 350 to 450
D) 350 to 600

C

Iron absorption is highest when
A) iron stores are high.
B) iron intake is high.
C) iron stores are low.
D) stomach acid is low

C

Which of the following foods contains the lowest amount of sodium?
A) 1 medium fresh orange
B) 1 large dill pickle
C) 1 cup of canned vegetable soup
D) 1 oz of potato chips

A

Most of a pregnant woman’s nutrient needs can be met by consuming a healthful, balanced diet,
except for which specific nutrient?
A) calcium B) iron C) folate D) protein

B

Which of the following will impair iron absorption?
A) low amounts of stomach acid
B) iron-deficiency anemia
C) low dietary intake of iron
D) chronic blood loss

A

Diets rich in which of the following nutrients are associated with maintaining healthy blood
pressure levels?
A) potassium B) chloride C) phosphorus D) sodium

A

MOST water is lost daily via the
A) kidneys. B) colon. C) skin. D) lungs

A

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of breastfeeding for the infant?
A) The protein in breast milk is easy for the infant to digest.
B) The fat in breast milk is difficult for the infant to digest.
C) The DHA found in breast milk is essential to the development of the infant’s nervous system
and retina.
D) The antibodies and immune factors found in breast milk help to protect the infant from
infection.

B

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?
A) elevated blood volume and pressure B) dryness of the mouth and throat tissues
C) decreased concentration of solutes in the blood
D) eating sweet-tasting foods

B

Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized?
A) vitamin D
B) vitamin B12
C) vitamin C
D) folate

C

The bioavailability of calcium from spinach is limited because of the leafy green’s
A) low protein content.
B) low calcium content.
C) high levels of oxalates.
D) high vitamin C content.

C

Trace minerals are those our body needs in what amount per day?
A) less than 100 mg
B) less than 20
C) less than 10 mg
D) less than 50 mg

A

Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin C in the diet?
A) serving corn chips with salsa
B) making a salad with strawberries, kiwi fruit, cantaloupe, and orange slices
C) eating raw red, green, and yellow peppers with a low-fat dip
D) boiling vegetables to bring the vitamin to the surface of the food

D

Which of the following is NOT a strong influence on adolescent food patterns?
A) personal food preferences
B) parents
C) peers
D) their own sense of what foods comprise a healthful, adequate diet

B

Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C?
A) milk and cheese
B) green and red peppers
C) seafood
D) wheat and oats

B

In addition to proper growth and development, bone remodeling is critical in maintaining
A) blood coagulation.
B) blood glucose levels.
C) vitamin D production.
D) blood calcium levels.

D

Which of the following are required components of antioxidant enzyme systems?
A) antioxidant vitamins
B) phytochemicals
C) antioxidant minerals
D) gastrointestinal microflora

C

Where do humans obtain vitamin D?
A) intestinal bacteria
B) moonlight
C) stomach bacteria
D) sunlight

D

Beta-carotene is a precursor of
A) zeaxanthin. B) Vitamin E C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin A

D

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium?
A) Calcium’s alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance.
B) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue.
C) When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton.
D) Calcium is a major mineral.

B

What is the term for a situation in which people are unable to obtain enough food to meet their
daily physical needs?
A) food poverty
B) food insecurity
C) food anxiety
D) food shortage

B

The type of undernutrition that affects toddlers who have recently been weaned from breast milk
and given a diet that is severely lacking in protein is known as
A) kwashiorkor.
B) protein-deficit malnutrition.
C) marasmus.
D) toddler malnutrition.

A

The average person will absorb no more than how many mg of calcium at one time?
A) 1500 B) 1000 C) 500 D) 200

C

Which of the following is FALSE concerning carotenoids?
A) Beta-carotene is the only carotenoid that functions as an antioxidant.
B) Consuming excess dietary beta-carotene can cause skin discoloration.
C) Cooking foods that contain dietary carotenoids enhances their absorption.
D) Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources of dietary carotenoids

A

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C?
A) assists in the synthesis of collagen
B) enhances the absorption of dietary iron
C) prevents the common cold
D) ensures proper wound healing

C

Compounds that protect our cells from the damage caused by oxidation are known as
A) antioxidants.
B) electrolytes.
C) prooxidants.
D) free radicals

A

A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep yellow colors
of many fruits and vegetables are called
A) chlorophylls.
B) provitamins.
C) carotenoids.
D) prooxidants

C

In addition to dietary sources, vitamin K is produced in our
A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) brain.
D) large intestine

D

Research studies have consistently demonstrated an association between a reduced risk of cancer
and
A) the use of vitamin C supplements.
B) the use of beta-carotene supplements.
C) increased consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids.
D) increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.

D

Adolescent acne is caused by
A) eating fatty foods.
B) lack of adequate fluid intake.
C) hormonal changes.
D) consumption of chocolate.

C

Which of the following is our primary dietary source of vitamin D?
A) milk
B) seafood
C) chicken
D) green leafy vegetables

A

Which of the following provides more than three times the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of
Vitamin K? 7
A) 1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens
B) 1 cup of raw cabbage
C) 1 tablespoon of canola oil
D) 1 cup of boiled broccoli

A

Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled?
A) bone growth
B) bone regeneration
C) bone modeling
D) bone remodeling

D

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
A) Exposure to pollution increases free radical production.
B) Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage.
C) Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism.
D) Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals.

D

What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation?
A) chlorine
B) vitamin D
C) fluoride
D) sodium

C

The most common nutritional deficiency worldwide is
A) protein.
B) vitamin A.
C) iron.
D) iodine.

C

A chemical reaction in which atoms lose electrons is
A) oxidation.
B) radiation.
C) mineralization.
D) reduction

A

The RDA for carbohydrate for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, teens, and adults is how
many grams per day?
A) 95
B) 250
C) 10
D) 130

D

The MOST critical role that vitamin A plays in the human body is
A) maintaining a healthy immune system.
B) acting as an antioxidant and scavenging free radicals.
C) maintaining a healthy reproductive system.
D) maintaining healthy vision

D

The RDA for which nutrient decreases with age, for women?
A) calcium
B) vitamin D
C) iron
D) vitamin C

C

Which of the following terms is synonymous with the word malignant?
A) benign
B) undifferentiated
C) tumor
D) cancerous

D

Vitamin D toxicity is associated with
A) suntan lotions.
B) seafood.
C) supplements.
D) sunburns.

C

Vitamin K’s primary role in the body is
A) muscle contraction.
B) blood clotting.
C) nerve transmission.
D) enzyme action.

B

Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources?
A) A and D
B) C and D
C) D and E
D) D and K

D

Fluorosis is associated with
A) insufficient intake of fluoride.
B) consuming too much fluoride.
C) osteoporosis.
D) Alzheimer’s disease.

B

A reduced production of gastric secretions often seen in older adults can result in
A) a reduced absorption of vitamin B12.
B) a reduced absorption of calcium.
C) a reduced absorption of potassium.
D) an increased absorption of vitamin C.

B

The point in life at which our bones are the densest is called what?
A) pubertal bone density
B) menopausal bone density
C) late adulthood bone density
D) peak bone density

D

Which of the following is NOT a physiological change that typically occurs as a person ages?
A) decreased taste and smell acuity
B) decreased fat mass
C) decreased bone density
D) decreased lean body mass

B

Janie is three years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her?
A) 6 tablespoons
B) 3 tablespoons
C) 4 tablespoons
D) 2 tablespoons

B

Which of the following is NOT associated with eating a healthy breakfast?
A) impairs students’ ability to learn
B) reduces tardiness and improves overall attendance
C) reduces math mistakes
D) improves attention and memory

A

Which of the following foods would be the BEST dietary source of preformed vitamin A?
A) cantaloupe
B) rice
C) eggs
D) carrots

C

Infants and children who suffer from malnutrition have a higher mortality rate as a result of
A) the limited access to health care.
B) diarrhea due to drinking unsanitary water.
C) starving to death because of the lack of food.
D) decreased resistance to infectious diseases.

D

The lack of which nutrient in the diet can lead to night blindness in children?
A) iodine
B) zinc
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin C

C

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase?
A) decline in milk consumption
B) increased longevity of the population
C) inadequate treatment options
D) increased diagnostic tools

B

Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E?
A) milk and dairy products
B) meat, fish, and poultry
C) fruits and vegetables
D) mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds

D

Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because
A) newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K.
B) the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn’s vitamin K stores.
C) newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula.
D) breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K

A

In the body, vitamin D is essential for
A) blood clotting.
B) calcification of bone.
C) stimulation of nerve impulses.
D) muscle contraction

B

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of dietary calcium for a young toddler?
A) skim milk
B) spinach
C) whole milk
D) yogurt

C

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C?
A) Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers.
B) Vitamin C helps the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells.
C) Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid.
D) Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

A

Which of the following is NOT associated with developing toddlers’ healthy eating habits?
A) rewarding meal completion with dessert
B) snacking between meals
C) including toddlers in food shopping and preparation
D) small portion sizes

A

Which of the following will NOT help establish healthful eating habits in toddlers?
A) Model healthful eating.
B) Provide small meals alternated with nutritious snacks.
C) Use positive reinforcement to encourage healthful behaviors.
D) Use food as a reward for healthful behaviors.

D

Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium?
A) citrus fruits
B) french fries and onion rings
C) green leafy vegetables
D) soft drinks and fruit juices

C

Of the following, which is NOT an assumed benefit of a local food system?
A) A stronger connection between urban consumers and rural inhabitants
B) Environmental advantages over a global food system
C) Benefit to local economies
D) The food is grown on an organic farm

D

The antioxidant found in red wine that may confer health benefits is
A) selenium. B) resveratrol. C) retinol. D) lutein.

B

Which of the following hormones is released when your blood sugar is too high?
A) insulin B) estrogen C) CCK D) glucagon

A

Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet?
A) vitamin C B) fiber C) protein D) vitamin B12

D

A high-fiber diet might help decrease blood cholesterol levels by
A) keeping stools soft.
B) causing fiber to bind with bile and more cholesterol to be excreted.
C) trapping cholesterol in pockets in the large intestine.
D) preventing ketosis

B

You weighed a team of football players and, according to their Body Mass Index, they are
categorized as overweight and obese. Which of the following would you MOST LIKELY conclude?
A) Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated BMIs.
B) Their bones may be well mineralized, which is responsible for their BMI.
C) The BMI tables must be wrong; throw them out.
D) The majority are probably obese and should make efforts to lose weight.

A

Which of the following statements MOST accurately describes MyPlate?
A) a visual model of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
B) a pyramid-shaped overview of the components of ethnic diets
C) a graphic representation of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
D) a visual guide to the Calories and fat content of fast-food meals

C

All of the following EXCEPT ___ describe a sustainable food system
A) Use local, seasonally available ingredients
B) Promote health and well-being
C) Specify food from farming systems that minimize harm to the environment
D) Are the least expensive foods available

D

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body?
A) providing energy to the body
B) maintaining fluid balance
C) synthesis of hormones
D) growth and maintenance of new tissue

A

Serena is 5’8" tall and weighs 180 pounds. Serena’s BMI of 27 indicates that she is
A) overweight.
B) obese.
C) underweight.
D) at a healthy weight.

A

Hunger, as opposed to appetite, is BEST described as
A) eating that is often driven by emotion.
B) eating that is often driven by environmental stress.
C) a physiological desire or need to consume food.
D) a psychological desire to consume food.

C

A condition marked by blood glucose levels that are below normal fasting levels is
A) hypoglycemia.
B) type 1 diabetes.
C) ketoacidosis.
D) type 2 diabetes

A

The early weight loss often seen on a high-protein diet is actually a result of
A) a loss of body muscle as the high protein stimulates proteolysis.
B) lower caloric intake.
C) a loss of water that is released when glycogen stores are broken down.
D) a loss of adipose tissue and total fat stores.

C

Where in your body does the majority of the digestion and absorption of food occur?
A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) mouth
D) small intestine

D

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants.
B) Phytochemicals protect plants from insects and microbes.
C) Phytochemicals are nutrients necessary for sustaining health and life.
D) Phytochemicals have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and cataracts.

C

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?
A) carbon B) oxygen C) nitrogen D) hydrogen

C

Lance would like to lose two pounds a week. If his present energy intake is 4,200 kcal a day and his
energy expenditure does not change, how many kilocalories should he consume each day to
achieve his goal?
A) 3,700 B) 3,200 C) 2,500 D) 2,000

B

When blood leaves the small intestine, it is routed directly through the portal vein to the
A) heart. B) liver. C) pancreas. D) lungs.

B

What is the leading federal agency in the United States that protects human health and safety?
A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
B) American Dietetic Association (ADA)
C) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
D) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

A

The storage form of glucose in animals is
A) starch. B) raffinose. C) fructose. D) glycogen.

D

When the stomach of an adult is full, it can expand to hold approximately
A) 16 cups of food or water.
B) 2 cups of food or water.
C) 6 cups of food or water.
D) 4 cups of food or water.

D

Carlos is a healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. He is 5’11" tall and weighs 175
pounds. How many grams of protein would you recommend he consume each day?
A) 75 grams B) 84 grams C) 64 grams D) 55 grams

C

An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person’s risk for which kind of disease?
A) gastrointestinal B) liver C) heart D) respiratory

C

One half of the "plate" in the MyPlate eating plan consists of
A) grains.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) protein.
D) dairy.

B

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for someone who is trying to gain weight?
A) Do not exercise.
B) Eat an additional 500 to 1,000 kcal a day.
C) Eat approximately 25 to 30% of kilocalories from fat.
D) Eat small, frequent meals

A

Which statement is FALSE concerning the field of nutrition?
A) Nutrition encompasses how we consume, digest, metabolize, and store food.
B) Nutrition is an ancient science that dates back to the 14th century.
C) Nutrition is the study of how food nourishes the body.
D) Nutrition involves studying the factors that influence eating patterns

B

Which of the following foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids?
A) olive oil and cashew nuts
B) butter and lard
C) coconut and palm oils
D) safflower and corn oils

A

Which of the following does NOT define a "healthy body weight?"
A) a weight compatible with normal blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance
B) a weight appropriate for your age and physical development
C) a weight that is acceptable to society
D) a weight that is acceptable to you

C

Moderate intake of alcohol for women is defined as how many drink(s) per day?
A) three B) one C) two D) zero

B

MOST of the proteins in the body are synthesized from
A) twenty amino acids.
B) fifteen fatty acids.
C) ten fatty acids.
D) nine amino acids.

A

) A local food system can always be described by each of the following concepts EXCEPT
A) food proximity
B) food security
C) better nutrition
D) self reliance

C

A practical way to gauge an appropriate portion size is to use the hands as a guide. Which of the
following represents one cup of pasta or vegetables?
A) a woman’s palm
B) a woman’s fist
C) both hands cupped together to form a bowl
D) a man’s fist

B

The primary function of mucus in the stomach is to
A) emulsify fats.
B) neutralize stomach acid.
C) protect the stomach cells from gastric juices (e.g., HCl).
D) activate pepsinogen to pepsin.

C

Which of these is the MOST important dietary aspect to modify for weight loss?
A) fat B) calories C) carbohydrates D) protein

B

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), up to what percentage of
your daily calories should be provided by carbohydrate?
A) 35% B) 75% C) 70% D) 65%

D

The local food system is ________ than the global food system
A) harder on the environment
B) complimentary to
C) better than
D) worse than

B

Currently, the BEST known treatment for eating disorders is
A) a multidisciplinary approach involving medical specialists as well as family members.
B) a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
C) psychotropic medications.
D) IV therapy.

A

Assuming the calories and relative sizes are similar, which of the following snacks will have the
highest satiety value?
A) glass of skim milk
B) slice of whole-grain bread
C) glass of orange juice
D) piece of cheese

D

To conserve body protein for its vital functions and not use it to provide energy, you should
A) eat adequate amounts of carbohydrate and fat to conserve protein for other functions.
B) work out in the gym at least three times a week to store additional protein for later use.
C) eat at least twice the recommended RDA for protein to ensure adequate protein stores.
D) eat meat three times a week to ensure adequate protein storage.

A

A slice of pumpkin bread contains 5 grams of fat, 40 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of protein.
What percent of the bread’s calories are from fat?
A) 10% B) 20% C) 75% D) 40%

B

How many grams of carbohydrate per day are recommended to prevent ketosis in healthy
individuals?
A) 160 grams B) 130 grams C) 100 grams D) 75 grams

B

What term is commonly used to describe foods that are grown without the use of synthetic
pesticides?
A) vegetarian
B) inorganic
C) organic
D) genetically modified organism (GMO)

C

The primary source of fuel for the body is
A) carbohydrates.
B) fats and oils.
C) proteins.
D) vitamins and minerals.

A

To a scientist describing nutrients, the term "organic" means nutrients that
A) contain both carbon and hydrogen.
B) are synthetic, not natural.
C) contain hydrogen and nitrogen.
D) are natural, not synthetic.

A

The major form of fat in both food and the body is
A) triglycerides.
B) glycerols.
C) sterols.
D) phospholipids.

A

Suzie is a stay-at-home mom who generally prepares the majority of meals for her household.
Even though she always prepares meals that offer enough Calories and nutrients for her family of
four, she tends to make the same meals repeatedly. Which one of the characteristics of a healthy
diet is Suzie not incorporating into her meal planning?
A) moderation B) balance C) variety D) adequacy

C

A limitation in using the body mass index is that it
A) does not take body composition into account.
B) is difficult to determine.
C) is not accurate when used on women.
D) is not a good indicator of health risks

A

What lifestyle changes can a person take to improve his or her blood lipid profile?
A) decrease amount of physical activity
B) lower intake of saturated fat and trans fat
C) decrease intake of soluble fiber
D) maintain lower-than-normal body weight

B

Diets high in sugar promote
A) tooth decay.
B) hyperactivity.
C) diabetes.
D) elevated blood pressure

A

Which of the following foods is a source of complete protein?
A) whole grain bread B) apple C) chicken D) broccoli

C

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate-rich foods?
A) butter and corn oil
B) wheat and lentils
C) beef and pork
D) bacon and eggs

B

Which of the following ingredients would alert you to the likely presence of trans fatty acids in a
product?
A) partially hydrogenated vegetable oil
B) liquid corn oil
C) vitamin E
D) lecithin

A

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the Mediterranean-style diet?
A) Meat is consumed monthly.
B) The diet is lower in total fat than the U.S. dietary recommendations.
C) Fruits and vegetables are consumed daily.
D) The major fat used for cooking and flavor is olive oil.

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of fat in the human body?
A) Fat assists in the transport of fat-soluble vitamins.
B) Fat provides insulation to help retain body heat.
C) Fat maintains the integrity of cell membranes.
D) Fats make us feel hungry.

D

Foods that have been manipulated to provide additional health benefits beyond what is naturally
found are called
A) free radical foods.
B) prebiotics.
C) phytochemicals.
D) functional foods

D

The four characteristics of a healthful diet are adequacy, balance, moderation, and
A) value.
B) variety.
C) color.
D) Calories

B

Yesterday Nadia consumed 250 grams of carbohydrate, 75 grams of protein, and 60 grams of fat.
What percentage of calories of her day’s intake came from fat? A) 15% B) 29% C) 35% D) 13%

B

Which of the following fatty acids is generally solid at room temperature?
A) saturated
B) short-chain
C) monounsaturated
D) polyunsaturated

A

One pound of body fat is equal to how many kilocalories? A) 4,000 B) 2,500 C) 3,000 D) 3,500

D

Diabetes is a condition in which the body does NOT properly regulate which of the following?
A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) vitamins
D) fat

A

The distance a typical food travels from farm to table is
A) 50-100 miles
B) 1500-2500 miles
C) 1-10 miles
D) 200-300 miles

B

Which statement BEST describes nutrient density?
A) Choose a number of different foods within any given food group.
B) Plan your entire day’s diet so that you juggle nutrient sources.
C) Consume foods that have the most nutrients for their Calories.
D) Consume a variety of foods from the five major food groups every day

C

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of dietary protein?
A) serving as a primary source of energy for the body
B) regulating metabolism and fluid balance
C) building new cells and tissues
D) repairing damaged structures

A

The term used to describes the process in which foods are broken down into their component
molecules is
A) absorption.
B) elimination.
C) digestion.
D) segmentation.

C

Which of the following is NOT a reason athletes have higher dietary protein needs than sedentary
individuals?
A) During exercise more protein is needed to carry oxygen in the blood.
B) During exercise, protein is used as a primary source of energy.
C) During exercise additional protein is needed to make glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.
D) During exercise additional protein is needed to repair the tissue damaged during exercise

B

Lactose intolerance is caused by
A) an insufficient production of the enzyme lactase.
B) too much milk and dairy products in the diet.
C) exposure to pasteurized milk when young.
D) increased production of the enzyme lactose

A

The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called
A) protein.
B) amino acid sequencing method.
C) mutual supplementation.
D) the protein-combining method.

C

The term complex carbohydrates refers to
A) disaccharides.
B) polysaccharides.
C) monosaccharides.
D) glucose.

B

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) The healthy body’s primary energy source is carbohydrate and fat.
B) Eating sufficient carbohydrate and fat will spare body protein.
C) To utilize protein for energy, the amine group is removed.
D) The body stores excess protein primarily for energy reserves.

D

Up to what percentage of a person’s total energy intake should carbohydrates make up, based on
the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
A) 15%
B) 70%
C) 65%
D) 30%

C

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary components of a sound weight change plan?
A) application of behavior modification techniques
B) incorporation of regular and appropriate physical activity
C) a change of more than 2 pounds per week
D) gradual change in energy intake

C

Which of the following is a rich source of probiotics?
A) yogurt
B) sauerkraut
C) iodized salt
D) enriched eggs

A

Which of the following is an example of disease that is directly caused by a nutritional deficiency?
A) pellagra
B) type 2 diabetes
C) cancer
D) heart disease

A

Joan’s dinner contains 210 grams of carbohydrate, 60 grams of protein, and 52 grams of fat. What
percent of kilocalories in this meal comes from carbohydrate?
A) 22%
B) 25%
C) 54%
D) 35%

C

Which of the following are the preferred fuels for MOST body functions?
A) ketones and protein
B) protein and fat
C) fat and protein
D) carbohydrate and fat

D

Which of the following food items would contain the highest amount of saturated fat?
A) skim milk
B) canola oil
C) steamed broccoli
D) butter

D

Which of the following is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
A) beef fat
B) coconut oil
C) corn oil
D) butter

C

Jorge is a weight lifter who believes that consuming large amounts of protein-rich foods will
increase his muscle mass. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Jorge’s protein
needs?
A) Jorge cannot meet his protein needs without taking protein supplements.
B) Jorge can meet his protein needs by consuming a healthy, balanced diet that is calorically
sufficient to meet his activity level.
C) It is impossible for Jorge to get adequate amounts of protein without eating meat, fish, and
poultry.
D) It is a good practice for Jorge to consume a minimum of 2 grams of protein/kilogram of body
weight to increase his muscle mass

B

How much trans fat is recommended in the diet?
A) as little as possible
B) 3% of total energy intake
C) 9% of total energy intake
D) 20% of total energy intake

A

Overconsumption of which nutrient has the greatest potential for toxicity?
A) thiamin
B) niacin
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin C

C

Organic food
A) contains no pesticides
B) is grown on farmland that meets very specific USDA rules
C) is always cheaper
D) is more nutrititous than conventionally raised food

B

Which of the following is NOT associated with type 2 diabetes?
A) insulin insensitivity
B) autoimmune disease
C) obesity
D) sedentary lifestyle

B

The type of vegetarian who eats vegetables, grains, fruits, eggs, and milk but excludes all other
types of animal protein is called a
A) pesco-vegetarian.
B) lacto-vegetarian.
C) vegan.
D) lacto-ovo vegetarian.

D

What are the two groups that vitamins are classified into?
A) nonnutritive and nutritive
B) fat soluble and water soluble
C) trace and major
D) macrosoluble and microsoluble

B

Which of the following is the MOST complete protein from a plant source?
A) green beans
B) apples
C) soybeans
D) bread

C

A painful sensation in the chest that results from gastric juices seeping back up into the esophagus
is called
A) irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
B) celiac disease.
C) gastroesophageal reflux (GER).
D) peptic ulcer

C

Your grandmother has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following
professionals is MOST likely to be qualified to offer your grandmother assistance in planning her
diabetic diet?
A) PhD in exercise science
B) registered dietitian (RD)
C) medical doctor (MD)
D) nutritionist

B

Which of the following MOST accurately describes disordered eating?
A) any disorder in which one attempts to reduce one’s body weight below a healthy range
B) any condition in which one’s eating behavior changes more than six times per year
C) a psychiatric condition that requires a physician’s diagnosis
D) general term that describes a variety of abnormal or atypical eating behaviors

D

All nutrients are divided into how many classes?
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

C

Lauren’s friend has recommended that she take a vitamin C supplement before undergoing oral
surgery. Lauren is concerned about consuming too much of the supplement. Which of the
following nutrient standards would assist Lauren in determining the highest amount of the
supplement that would be safe for her to consume?
A) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
B) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
C) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
D) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

C

Saturated fats are
A) found primarily in foods derived from plants.
B) liquid at room temperature.
C) protective of our health.
D) found in whole milk and beef

D

To gain credit, the FSHN 120, Journal entries must have _____ full days IN BETWEEN entries
A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 4

B

Prairie Fruits Farms produces all of the following EXCEPT
A) goat cheese
B) gelato
C) fruit
D) corn and soybeans

D

Which of the following does NOT result in satiety?
A) decrease in blood sugar
B) the release of PYY into the bloodstream
C) expansion of the stomach
D) nutrient absorption from the small intestine

A

After completing an exercise session, adequate hydration in an athlete is BEST determined by
A) urine that is light yellow in color.
B) lack of fatigue and soreness in the muscles.
C) absence of leg cramps.
D) no sweat production.

A

Which of the following is an excellent source of protein that includes foods such as kidney beans,
pinto beans, black beans, soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas?
A) legumes
B) nuts
C) quorn
D) quinoa

A

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?
A) prolonged use of aspirin
B) stress
C) Helicobacter pylori bacteria
D) eating too many spicy foods

C

The information provided on a food label that identifies how much a serving of food contributes to
your intake of nutrients based on 2,000 Calories a day is called the
A) ounce-equivalent.
B) Daily Reference Values.
C) Percent Daily Values.
D) Reference Daily Intake.

C

Of the following, which is NOT an element of a community (local) food system?
A) CSA programs
B) Hospital cafeterias using local produce
C) Organic vegetables at County Market
D) Farmers Markets

C

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
A) fructose
B) glucose
C) glycogen
D) galactose

B

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?
A) helps to transport nutrients and oxygen
B) helps to excrete waste products
C) helps to regulate nervous impulses and muscle contraction
D) provides a source of energy to work and play

D

The three components of total energy expenditure include
A) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and adaptive thermogenesis.
B) basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, and adaptive thermogenesis.
C) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food.
D) basal metabolic rate, physical activity, and sleep activity.

C

Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?
A) a diet that contains insufficient fat
B) a diet that contains too much fat
C) a diet that contains too much carbohydrate
D) a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate

D

A set of principles developed by the USDA and the USDHHS to help reduce the risk of developing
chronic disease is called
A) Food Fundamentals.
B) South Beach Diet.
C) Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
D) DASH Diet.

C