Form and Idea 3

vanishing point

masaccio was one of the first artists to use one-point perspective. in his large fresco, trinity, the ___________ is centered in the middle of the horizon line, directly ahead of the viewer

ideal human proportions

in The School of Athens Raphael created figures using the _________ ______________ ___________ developed by the ancient greeks

birds wing

in leonardo divans design for a flying machine he used a ________ as inspiration

a cartoon

when raphael was preparing to paint his fresco The School of Athens he did a large drawing called ________ to help place the design on the wall

perforated

to transfer the design of The School of Athens to the wall, Raphael ___________ a large drawing, then used powdered charcoal dust to leave an impression of the original image

hatching

a process in which the artist uses closely arranged parallel lines to create value– used in Heads of The Virgin and Child

hatching

if an artist wanted to create an area of darkness using the medium of silverpoint, it would be this technique

sanguine

this red chalk was used by Renaissance artists, including Michelangelo in his Studies for the Libyan Sibyl

egg

the binding agent for the tempera paint

detail

tempera lends itself to high _________ because it is usually applied with a brush in short, thin strokes

gold leaf

islamic and renaissance artists often used tempera in conjunction with oil and this material, which adds a rich appearance to the work

tempera

a good medium to paint a very detailed miniature forest scene

fresco

this painting process relies on freshly applied lime plaster to hold the pigment in place

buon fresco

a good method used if an artist wanted to create a artwork they could easily alter/fix

sculpture

michelangelo believed this was the finest and most challenging of all the visual arts

Pope Julius II

Michelangelo planned a grand sculptural scheme for the tomb of ____________, although it was never completed

true

T/F: the carving technique Michelangelo used for his sculpture Awakening Slave makes the figure appear to be permanently trapped within the stone

Giotto

Cimabue’s student

renaissance

which of the following terms means "rebirth" and is used to describe an artistic movement characterized by renewed interest in the Classical world of Greece and Rome?

represent the illusion of three dimensional space in two dimensions

linear perspective is used to _________.

sfumato

the technique that leonardo da vinci invented a painting a technique that consisted of applying a hazy or misty glaze over the painting.

Michelangelo

taking four years to complete, the sistine chapel ceiling was painted by this artist in sections using the buon fresco method

self-portrait of michelangelo as St. Bartholomew’s flayed skin

the painting of the Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel includes __________.

fresco

medium of the artwork that decorates the Sistine Chapel ceiling

because renaissance artists admired Greek mythology, philosophy, and art

Why were the Greek God Apollo and the goddess Athena included in the School of Athens?

ignudi

michelangelo is famous for his nude male figures called

patronage of the Catholic Church

the reason many incredible renaissance works of art were made

woodcut

a relief print created out of a solid wood block

make multiple prints of an image

a woodcut allows an artist to do which of the following?

a greek artist who worked in italy and spain during the renaissance

El Greco was

create the block and cut lines into it

For his print Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Albrecht Durer hired expert craftsman to _________.

acrylic paint

a bad medium to use if painting over a number of days

is longer lasting

one advantage of using a metal plate over a woodblock for printmaking

the northern renaissance

the Arnolfini Portrait is part of what period?

artists

scholars believe that Saint Luke drawing the Virgin is meant to show the important of _______

Jan Van Eyck

the renaissance artist and writer giorgio vasari created this flemish painter with the invention of oil paint.

luminosity

the transparency of oil paint allows a painter to use a process called glazing to add a degree of ______________ to a painting.

rembrandt

this seventeenth- century dutch artist was a master of etching and used it to depict Adam and Even as well as other religious subjects.

intaglio

this term for plate printmaking means "cut into" in italian

relief

this type of printmaking is done by carving away part of a block in order to leave a raised surface that can be inked and printed

that the couple are wealthy and faithful

what does the dog in the Arnolfini Portrait symbolize?

an impression

when a printmaker rolls ink onto a raised surface and presses a piece of paper onto it, the resulting image on the paper is known.

Isenheim Altarpiece

very graphic depiction of christ crucifixion

intaglio

printmaking process

the protestant reformation

Duress print the Last Supper reflects the ideas of _____________.

church officials objected to Christ being shown with clowns, dwarves, and dogs at this key moment in the gospels

the reason The artist of christ in the House of Levi had to change the name

Louis XIV

the sun king

is more playful and lighthearted

in comparison baroque art, the style of Rococo

everywhere

where was the ornate and fanciful style called rococo fashionable?

a flirtation between two young lovers

Fragonard’s The Swing depicts

the Church’s lack of action against immoral behavior

The presence of a bishop in fragonard’s The Swing Could suggest:

delicate pastel colors

rococo architecture, such as Johann Balthasar Neumann’s basilica of Vierzehnheiligen, preferred

the trials of an arranged marriage in which the couple behave immorally

william Hogarth’s marriage a-la-mode series tells the story of:

public, painters, and critics

salons, such as the one directed in Pietro Martinis 1785 print, were visited by:

according to a hierarchy

pietro martinis print the salon, of 1785 shows how the paintings were displayed

the sacrifices of an ancient roman family

jacques-louis David’s painting The Oath of the Horatii is about:

archaeological discoveries at ancient Roman sites such as Pompeii

what had the most direct impact in helping to shape the ideals behind the Neoclassical style?

it represented the ideals to which they aspired

New north american cities in the late eighteenth century chose neoclassicism as their architectural style because:

Dürer’s print The Last Supper reflects the ideas of ________.

the Protestant Reformation

The artist of Christ in the House of Levi had to change the painting’s name because ________.

church officials objected to Christ being shown with clowns, dwarves, and dogs at this key moment in the gospels

T/F To keep Church officials happy, Veronese decided to repaint his entire artwork depicting Christ feasting with disciples and members of the Venetian elite.

False

The overall composition and the facial expressions in Pontormo’s Deposition create an atmosphere of ________.

instability, chaos, and disorder

A "deposition" scene shows which of the following?

Jesus’s body being removed from the cross

El Greco was ________.

a Greek artist who worked in Italy and Spain during the Renaissance

T/F
Tintoretto’s Last Supper has a very similar symmetrical composition to Leonardo da Vinci’s painting of the same subject.

False

Parmigianino’s Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror is a

painting of the artist looking in a mirror.

T/F Parmigianino created his skillful and unusual Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror to give to Pope Clement VII because he thought it might help him to get commissions for more artworks.

True

Artemisia Gentileschi used directional line brilliantly in her painting "Judith Decapitating Holofernes" to draw our attention to this point.

blood spurting from Holofernes’s neck

Artemisia Gentileschi was influenced by the style of which other artist?

Caravaggio

Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith Decapitating Holofernes is part of which movement?

Baroque

T/F Bernini depicts his David at exactly the same moment in the story as the versions by his predecessors Donatello and Michelangelo.

False

T/F Depictions of The Last Judgement were made by only one culture.

False

Donatello’s David is made in what medium?

bronze

In Rubens’s The Raising of the Cross, how is the viewer’s attention focused on Christ’s body?

the lighting and placement

Michelangelo’s David

high renaissance

Donatello’s David

early renaissance

Bernini’s David

baroque

Nicolas Poussin promoted which of the following approaches?

only including settings, clothing, and characters from the ancient past

T/F Of the three sculptures of the biblical hero David in this chapter, the one by Michelangelo makes the identity of the figure the most obvious.

False

T/F Only one artist in the Renaissance and Baroque periods ever painted the subject of The Last Supper.

False

T/F Peter Paul Rubens worked with many assistants in his studio.

True

The decapitation of Holofernes, which is the subject of an oil painting by Artemisia Gentileschi, happened because

Holofernes was cruel and violent to Judith’s people

Which of the following design elements relate most closely to Baroque art and architecture?

diagonal movement, curving forms, dramatic light and shadow

Which of the following terms refers to the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries in Western Europe, a period when there was a general increase in motion and emotion in artworks?

Baroque

Which pair of artists listed below is known for painting with dark backgrounds that make the figures look like they are emerging into light?

Caravaggio and Rembrandt

Who is Phocion in Nicolas Poussin’s painting of "The Funeral of Phocion?"

an Athenian general wrongly accused of treason

In Francisco Goya’s Family of Charles IV:

the artist includes a portrait of himself standing at his easel

T/F Goya painted a slightly unflattering portrait of the Spanish royal family in his "Family of Charles IV" because he strongly disliked them and wanted to insult the king.

False

Francisco Goya’s "The Second of May, 1808" depicts:

Spanish civilians attacking French soldiers

T/F
The fact that Goya’s paintings "The Second of May, 1808" and "The Third of May, 1808" portray different sides committing acts of violence shows that Goya was condemning war in general.

True

Théodore Géricault’s painting "Raft of the Medusa" depicts:

the results of a shipwreck off the coast of West Africa

Which of the following did Géricault do to prepare for the making of "Raft of the Medusa"?

visited the site of the shipwreck built a replica of the raft interviewed survivors studied corpses

T/F Amidst the death and despair in Théodore Géricault’s "Raft of the Medusa," the artist imbued his figures with a sense of nobility.

True

The subject of Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People is ________.

the July Revolution of 1830 in France

In Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People, Liberty is ________.

a symbol of freedom

The Hudson River School painted ________.

American landscapes

T/F The American Hudson River School painters captured the Romantic idea of the sublime by portraying nature’s power to overwhelm man.

True

Niagara Falls was a popular subject for North American artists in the second half of the nineteenth century, because it symbolized

grandeur the beauty and power of nature the presence of God in nature America’s territorial expansion

T/F Frederic Edwin Church captured the natural wonder and power of Niagara Falls in his painting by using grand scale.

True

What inspired Joseph Mallord William Turner to
paint Slave Ship?

a true event

T/F Gustave Courbet’s Stonebreakers alarmed upper-class viewers because it reminded
them of recent uprisings by the poor.

True

T/F Gustave Courbet described his own work as "realist."

True

Henry Ossawa Tanner was influenced by ________.

Gustave Courbet

T/F Henry Ossawa Tanner’s "The Banjo Lesson" challenges negative stereotypes of African-Americans.

True

Artists in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood were inspired by works from ________.

middle ages

T/F John Everett Millais’s Ophelia was painted in one day and was inspired by a dream the artist had after reading Hamlet.

False

Put each art historical style/movement in chronological order from oldest to newest.

1. Renaissance 2. Baroque 3. Rococo 4. Neoclassical 5. Romanticism

Leonardo da Vinci,
The Last Supper,
c. 1497.
Tempera and oil on plaster

Matthias Grünewald,
Isenheim Altarpiece (Closed view),
c. 1510-15.
Oil on panel

Tintoretto,
The Last Supper,
1592-4.
Oil on canvas

Artemisia Gentileschi,
Judith Decapitating Holofernes,
c. 1620.
Oil on canvas,

Peter Paul Rubens,
The Raising of the Cross,
1610-11.
Oil on canvas

Jacques-Louis David,
The Oath of the Horatii,
1784.
Oil on canvas

Théodore Géricault,
Raft of the Medusa,
1819.
Oil on canvas

Thomas Cole,
View from Mount Holyoke, MA, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow),
1836.
Oil on canvas