Final History Exam!

In 2010, this person became the first woman to be elected president of Brazil.

Dilma Rousseff

Following his election to the presidency of Iran in 2005, this radical issued a statement publicly calling for the destruction of the state of Israel.

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

Which of the following statements is not true of the Brezhnev years in the Soviet Union?

As a result of détente, there was a freer and more relaxed domestic atmosphere.

The policy known as Ostpolitik

increased cultural, personal, and economic relations between West and East Germany.

The two Muslim states in the Middle East that gave greater rights to women before 1980 were

Turkey and Iran.

During the first decades of the twentieth century, women in the Middle East

were aided by the "modernist" movement’s efforts to change female statuses and roles by interpreting Islamic views in a manner closer to those prevailing in the West.

The keiretsu are

large companies that maintain relationships in a more informal manner than the zaibatsu.

Of the AIDS cases reported around the world, ____ percent are found on the continent of Africa.

65

All of the following are correct about Kashmir except

the majority of the population is Hindu

Glasnost allowed

criticism of the government and Soviet society generally.

In 2000, fighting in which breakaway Russian state reduced the republic’s capital of Grozny to ruins?

Chechyna

During the 1990s,

many African writers criticized the national governments and the local populace and not just their earlier colonial rulers.

The leader of the successful revolution in Cuba in December 1958 was

Fidel Castro

The Great Leap Foward

created huge rural communes, but which failed economically

The countries which attained their independence from Britain in 1948 and from the Netherlands in 1950, respectively, were

Burma and Indonesia

Jimmy Carter was defeated for reelection in 1980 because

he failed to obtain the release of American hostages held by radical Muslims in Iran.

The customary "government party" in Japan between the 1950s and 1993 was the

Liberal Democratic Party

Which of the following is part of China’s new educational policies?

Foreign models and knowledge gained abroad are now practiced.

the regional organization initially formed by Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines is known as

ASEAN SEATO

In the mid-1970s, these two African nations adopted a Soviet-style Marxist government:

Angolia and Ethiopia

A stabilizing factor in this African nation is an unwritten agreement that allows Christians and Muslims to alternate terms in holding the presidency.

Nigeria

Demonstrations occurred on university campuses during the 1960s for all of the following reasons except

To protest grade inflation

The reasons for the relatively late development of African nationalism included

Africa’s late colonization meant that it would take longer for dissatisfaction to develop and become institutionalized.

Under the new program of the "four modernizations" that began after Deng Xiaoping’s political rehabilitation,

limited private capitalism was permitted to return to China.

The problems that developed within South Korea in the 1980s were the result of

a lack of democratic freedom

For a brief period between 1958 and 1961, Egypt merged with what nation to form the United Arab Republic?

Jordan

Which statement about permissiveness in Western society is accurate?

Increased drug consumption became a part of modern permissiveness for many.

The "little tiger" that was once a British crown colony, but is now an independent state, is

Singapore

"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter so long as it catches the mice?" was said by

Mao Zedong.

"On the left" in the Soviet Union referred to

buying scarce goods on the black market.

Since Chiang Kai-shek’s death

the Republic of China has moved toward a more representative form of government.

Thatcherism

restricted union power.

Pierre Trudeau

pushed for greater industrialization, but his policies were frustrated by inflation and opposition to his attempts to increase the power of the central government.

In terms of the chronology of decolonization, it is accurate to say that

the African National Congress became increasingly radical as its modest initial goals were rejected by white South African governments.

Kenzaburo Oe

received the Nobel Peace Prize for literature

Who was the first prime minister of India?

Jawaharlal Nehru

The Cuban Revo

achieved notable success in programs related to health and education.

Which of the following statements is not correct about the role of women in India today?

Rural Indian women often have greater advantages than urban women.

The term "ethnic cleansing" is associated with the tragedy in which occurred in

Bosnia, during the breakup of Yugoslavia.

Since 1979, Iraq has invaded both

Kuwait and Iran.

All of the following are correct about China in the early twenty-first century except

the Chinese Communist Party has begun to share power with non-communist groups.

Economic development in Africa has been difficult for all of the following reasons except

a declining population.

The women’s movement writer of The Second Sex was

Simone de Beauvoir

Popular culture

became, in the area of sports, highly commercialized during the second half of the twentieth century.

The controversial Indian writer who uses the technique of magical realism and who has angered Muslims is

Salman Rushdie.

The civil rights movement in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s

created a "white backlash" which aided a national trend toward greater political conservatism.

The number of Soviet citizens who lost their lives in World War II is estimated at

20 Million

In the twentieth century, Western women

experienced a dramatic change in status.

In the 1950s, India

took a neutral position in the Cold War.

Australia

now draws more than one-half of its immigrants from East Asia.

A leading Soviet writer of the 1950s and winner of the Nobel Prize was

Boris Pasternick

In 2007, the European Union added which two nations to its membership?

Bulgaria and Romania

All of the following are problems faced by the capitalist government of Kenya except

chronically poor soil.

Which Korean term is equivalent to the Japanese term zaibatsu?

Chaebol

All of the following are correct regarding the presidency of Bill Clinton except

because of his misconduct with a White House intern, he was not reelected in 1996

Mao Zedong’s Little Red Book

superseded all other learning sources during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.

Due to Cold War fears, the United States

backed away from its policy of breaking up the zaibatsu.

The formal establishment of the new state of Israel in May 1948

resulted in Arab denial of Israel’s recognition.

The hopes for a lasting Middle East peace after the Camp David Accords were never realized, in part because of

Israeli’s policy of establishing Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank territories

All of the following were results of European colonialism in Africa except

the spread of Islam

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

was established, originally under Egyptian auspices, to represent Palestinian interests.

After assuming control of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev’s policies

were characterized by a program of de-Stalinization and broader intellectual tolerance.

Which of the following is not true about the events that occurred in the Soviet Union in December 1991?

The Congress of People’s Deputies denied Yeltsin the temporary power to rule by decree.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Foreign control of commerce in India was strongly encouraged after independence.

Which of the following is not correct about the economies of the Middle East?

most of the most fertile agriculture land is owned by peasant farmers

Which of the following is a correct statement about postwar Canadian political development?

the liberal party created canadas welfare state

In 1971, East Pakistan became the independent nation of

Bangladesh

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

enabled Mao to regain control of the party after the disastrous Great Leap Forward.

Which of the following has occurred in China since the 1949 revolution?

Today, many Chinese people, especially the young, are trying to Westernize their dress and appearance.

Characteristic of Stalin’s domestic policies after World War II was

an emphasis on the growth of heavy industry.

During the 1980s and 1990s, there was a great deal of talk that the achievements of Japan and the "little tigers" indicated that the world was about to enter a new historical phase of the

Asian Miracle.

Immediately after World War II, General MacArthur’s responsibilities included the demilitarization of Japanese society and

trying Japanese for war crimes and laying the foundations of postwar Japanese society.

In his Arusha Declaration of 1967, Julius Nyerere attempted to

establish a system of socialism and self-reliance.

The founding of the European Economic Community (EEC)

established a customs union for its six member states.

In the aftermath of independence, India’s greatest economic weakness was in

agriculture.

The policies advanced by Deng Xiaoping

roughly doubled China’s per capita income during the 1980s.

Early in 1990, Gorbachev struck out Article 6 of the Soviet constitution, thereby

legalizing the formation of political parties other than the Communist Party.

The first leaders of the People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea, respectively, were

Kim Il Sung and Syngman Rhee.

The existentialists believed that

the world was absurd and without meaning.

Under the regime of Lee Kuan Yew

thrift, hard work, and an obedience to authority were the tenets of state policy.

Which of the following was not a problem faced by the government of Helmut Kohl?

the armed hostility of France

In regard to the relationship between Islam and women’s rights, which of the following is the most valid statement?

Saudi Arabia has been the most conservative country in the Middle East in this matter.

All of the following are correct about early African nationalist activities except

most of the anti-colonial nationalists were committed to violence.

All of the following are true about events in Poland from 1980 to 1991 except

mass public demonstrations caused significant changes in government policy.

The East African term for the people who have achieved a high level of financial success is

Wabenzi

In 1993, President de Klerk agreed with Nelson Mandela to implement

democratic national elections

The policies of Francois Mitterand

had disappointing economic results that led to the coming to office of a more conservative premier.

African culture has adapted to serve the tourist industry and the export market in the areas of

wood carving, painting, and sculpture.

In Kenya

capitalism is the dominant economic system.

Yukio Mishima

opposed the "coca-colonization" of Japan and the world.

All of the following about the rule of the Shah of Iran before 1979 are correct except it

attempted to establish a purely Islamic society.

Which of the following was not characteristic of Soviet society during the Brezhnev years?

A disregard for law and order.

Anwar Sadat

differed from Nassar, proving to be far more pragmatic.

The new prime minister of Great Britain immediately after World War II, Clement Atlee,

established the welfare state in Britain.

Japanese rap music is

not as associated with sex, violence, or drugs.

Which of the following statements is not a true depiction of Mexican development in recent decades?

In 1996, Mexican peasants received net incomes equal to those of wealthy American farmers.

In 2010, the thirteen-year rule of Britain’s Labour Party came to an end as which conservative became Prime Minister?

David Cameron

The "economics of oil"

played a role in Gamal Abdul Nasser’s espousal of pan-Arabist ideas, as he wanted all groups in the region to share in the oil wealth.

Women in South and Southeast Asian societies

have, in a few instances, held high political office, as indicated by the careers of Indira Gandhi, Corazón Aquino, and Benazir Bhutto.

Terrorism is often motivated by all of the following except

a desire to create political, social, and religious pluralism.

At present, air pollution in China is ____ the United States.

ten times as bad as in

Which of the following has not been a factor in the development of Singapore’s economy?

a democratic government

In May, 1989, the Chinese Communist rulers suppressed the "fifth modernization" by their action at

Tiananmen Square.

All of the following are correct about the consumer society except

the number of blue collar workers increased after the 1960s.

The Pan-African belief in a distinctive "African personality" included all of the following except it

believes that all persons of African heritage should return to their motherland.

The Reagan Revolution included all of the following except

strong support for labor unions and war on poverty programs.

Jackson Pollack was a practitioner of

Abstract Expressionism.

All Israeli governments have been composed of coalitions of several political parties because

the nation was composed of many political parties having diverse interests.

Major developments in Latin America since 1955 have included

an increase in the number of democratic regimes in the 1980s and 1990s.

Following his election to the presidency of Iran in 2005, this radical issued a statement publically calling for the destruction of the state of Israel.

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

Which nation’s Supreme Council unilaterally declared its independence from the Soviet Union on March 11, 1990?

Lithuania

Which of the following is not correct about the events of the Arab-Israeli dispute in recent years?

The intifada of Russian immigrants divided Israeli opinion, ending peace efforts.

All of the following were correct about the Chinese Red Guards except

they received re-enforcements from Taiwan.

The country that suffered a domestic holocaust at the hands of the Khmer Rouge is

Cambodia

The city that became the art capital of the world after World War II was

New Yorkkkkkk

The ethnic tensions that resulted as an unanticipated by-product of glasnost were caused by

the desire on the part of many ethnic minorities to retain the dominance of communism throughout the Soviet Union.

At the close of World War II, the Soviet Union

had citizens who worked longer hours than before the war, ate less, and were ill-housed and poorly clothed.

The tragic situation in the Central African states of Rwanda and Burundi was the conflict between

Tutsis and Hutus.

The following are true about the Japanese educational system except

that it possesses a non-restrictive and individualistically-oriented environment.

The Islamic revival of the late twentieth century

has had a political impact in long-secular Turkey.

Samuel Beckett, in Waiting for Godot, developed the dramatic movement known as

the Theater of the Absurd

The following are true of the African National Congress except

its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.

Among the selectively distributed benefits of Western civilization in Africa in the 1940s was/were

railway networks and other industrial sectors in Algeria and South Africa.

Following the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi,

the Bharatiya Janata Party began to directly challenge the Congress Party for power.

The one issue that has served as a unifying factor for all Middle Eastern Muslim states since the 1940s has been their

position on the Palestine question

Mikhail Gorbachev

had moved up rapidly since his appointment to the Party Central Committee in 1978.

West Germany between 1948 and 1965

saw real wages double between 1950 and 1965.

This Chinese artist challenged the authority of the government and was taken into custody on charges of tax evasion.

Ai Weiwei

The leader of Poland’s Solidarity movement was

Lech Walesa.

In 2010, this person became the first woman to be elected president of Brazil

Dilma Rousseff

The Egyptian novelist who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1988 was

Naguib Mahfouz.

The new Indian government of 1947

was based on the British system, with a figurehead president and a parliamentary form.

Richard Nixon

used illegal methods to obtain information from his political rivals.

Falun Gong is

an officially discouraged Chinese philosophical and religious movement.

In 1986, a nuclear disaster in this place served to enhance European awareness of environmental problems.

Chernobyl

In the Six Day War of June 1967, which of the following is not true?

The Golan Heights were taken from Syria.

Areas in China where national minorities have exhibited unrest are

Tibet and Xinjiang.

The rapid economic development of the Asian "little tigers" can be attributed to

a modernizing elite with an economic vision and practicality.

During the colonial period, the primary export crop of Egypt and Uganda was

cotton

In its struggle to free itself from Communist rule and reestablish an independent political structure, Czechoslovakia experienced

the crushing of reform by Soviet troops in 1968.

Under the leadership of Konrad Adenauer,

West Germany was led by a center-right non-socialist government.

In responding to recent social and political challenges, the Chinese Communist Party has supported the philosophy of

Confucius

In the years since the nations of Africa attained independence,

most of the governments have not been pluralistic democracies.

The major dichotomy in Southeast Asia is the contrast between

villages and cities.

Charles de Gaulle did not do which of the following?

see France decrease its gross domestic product during his period of government

The Petronas Towers

in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, are among the world’s tallest buildings.

Which of the following was not a factor that promulgated Taiwanese industrial development?

a poorly educated and unmotivated populace

The "Japanese Miracle"

had its roots in the initial policy decisions made during the Meiji reform period.

The conflict that developed between East and West Pakistan, and eventually led to the establishment of the state of Bangladesh, was caused by

differences in language, history, and ethnic tradition.

In his 2010 novel, To the End of the Land, which Israeli author writes of an ordinary Israeli family living amid constant conflict and loss, and was consequently labeled the moral conscience of his nation?

David Grossman

Which of the following occurred when Nikita Khrushchev was in power?

the Twentieth National Congress speech

Mao Zedong’s New Democracy

moved slowly at first, in order not to alienate the peasants.

Which of the following was not true about Argentina?

Eva Perón opposed the women’s organizations that supported the Peronistas.

The substitution of traditional imports by increasing domestic industrial production in Latin America began to fail in the 1960s because

domestic markets were too small and countries were unable to find enough foreign buyers.

The treaties signed in September 1951 restored Japanese independence, ended Japanese claims to its former colonies and territories, and

provided the United States with military bases in Japan.

It can be said that, by the late 1960s,

Mozambique and Angola were still controlled by Portugal.

Leonid Brezhnev

valued stability above all, and blocked any significant attempts to deal with economic or social problems.

In 2010, more of these were sold in China than in the United States.

automobiles

The Palestine issue included all of the following except it

it was permanently and peacefully settled by the Camp David Accords.

The apparent motivation for the assassination of Gandhi was that he

was against creating a strictly Hindu India.

All of the following are true about the economies of the Middle East except

the socialist economies in the region have been more prosperous than capitalist ones.

A factor that was not an element of Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies was that

he wanted to establish an entirely free-market capitalist economy.

As a result of the excesses of the Red Guards, all of the following occurred in China except

Mao and all his deeds disappeared from Chinese history books.

The "fifth modernization" referred to in post-Mao China was

Democracy

According to the agreement between Great Britain and the People’s Republic of China

Chinese agreed to permit a half century of largely self governing capitalism in hong kong after the british rule ended

All of the following are correct about Pakistan since September 11th, 2001 except

Benazir Bhutto was elected president in 2008

All of the following are correct about recent Japanese economic developments except

Lacking a domestic market as large as that of the united states, in the 1990s the economy slipped into recession

All of the following are correct regarding the presidency of George W Bush except

he raised taxes on the wealthy to balance the government budget

All of the following are true of the African National Congress except

its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held powers

All of the Israeli governments have been composed of coalitions of several political parties because

the nation was composed of many political parties having diverse interests

As a result of Nasser’s nationalization of the Suez Canal in 1956

Egypt was attacked by the British, French, and the Israelis

Between 1945 and the late 1970s

the gross national product of France grew at an average annual rate of 5.5% in the decade after 1958

Canada

has many citizens who believe the US has excessive influence in Canadian politics and over the Canadian economy

During the late 1960s and the 1970s

the problems of economic stagnation and political and administrative gerontological were effectively ignored under Brezhnev

The European economic community (EEC) was primarily

a political union

For the Chinese Communist party, culture is

seen as an important instrument for indoctrination

In east Germany

the fall of communism resulted in political reunification with west Germany in 1990

Indira Ghandi

developed a policy of forced sterilization to try to cut population growth

The initial program of land collectivization in Communist China was

performed in a much less confrontational manner than Stalin had used in the Soviet Union

Joseph Stalin

continued his reliance on terror apparatus including the holding of about 9 million soviet citizens in Siberian concentration camps

The majority of the terrorist who carried out the September 11 attack on the US were from

Saudi Arabia

Nikita Khrushchev

encouraged more freedom for writers

Pakistan’s early history

was marked by deep internal struggles over language, religious, and regional issues

president Sukarno of Indonesia

used economic aid from china and the soviet union to counter western influence, and used domestic Indonesian communists to counter domestic Muslim opponents

the so-called "americanism of the world" has resulted from all of the following influences except

the bleak world view of absurdist drama and litterature

the soviet economy

grew rapidly in the heavy industry sector during the late 1940s and 1950s

this nation took the lead in the so-called "sexual revolution" of the 1960s

sweden

this nigerian authors novel The Interpreter lambasted the corruption and hypocrisy of his nations government

Wole Soyinka

throughout Europe between the decade of 1948 and 1957

the number of cars tripled

the two leaders who ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in south Africa were

F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela

the two writers were closely associated with existentialism were

Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus

unlike the other economies of east asia, Hong Kongs economic development has taken place in a system employing

unrestrained, free market capitalism

what, accoording to Jacques Chirac, is the pillar on which the Frence constitution rests

secularism

which individual led the Convention Peoples party, the first formal political party in black africa

Kwame Nkrunah

which of the following happened on july 1st, 1997?

Hong Kong returned to mainland Chinese authority

which of the following is not true about the role of women in post-colonial Africa?

women have achieved considerable success in politics, becoming president or prime minister in several countries

which of the following is true of japan today?

the japanese over all per capita standard of living equals or exceeds those of most western nations

which of the following statements accurately describes developments relating to Cuba in the late 1950s and early 1960s

the bay of Pigs disaster resulted in soviet decision to place soviet missiles in Cuba

which of the following statements characterizes the nature of India today?

India today is a nation of contrast with nearly one third of its nation living in poverty

which of the following statements is accurate regarding indian development after the death of Nehru?

Rajiv Ghandi weakened socialist programs of his mother and grandfather

In the early 1970s

Stalin’s reputation rose under Brezhnev rule

During a visit, this soviet leader was astonished that Canadian farmers worked that hard on their own initiative..

Mikhail Gorbachev

Which of the following was not among the forms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev?

the creation of an elite presidential bodyguard to defend against declared assassination attempts

Which of the following statements is not correct about religion in the West after World War II?

Church attendance in Europe increased significantly in the 1960s and 1970s.