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The free-flowing blood located in the middle of a blood vessel is called _______. |
laminar flow |
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The flow rate of a liquid is _______. |
directly proportional to the pressure gradien |
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A) right beaker — an organ that is receiving the blood |
All of the above are matched correctly |
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Which of the following has the greatest effect on peripheral resistance? |
blood vessel diameter |
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How does the body decrease the blood vessel radius? |
vasoconstriction |
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When the radius of the flow tube is decreased, the _______. |
fluid flow rate decrease |
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During exercise, we might expect blood vessels in the skeletal muscle to be somewhat |
dilated, constricted |
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Laminar flow of the blood is achieved through _______. |
vasodilation |
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Polycythemia results in _______. |
increased resistance to flow |
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What is the effect of increased viscosity? |
decreased flow rate |
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Formed elements in the blood _______. |
include platelets and whole cells that slide past one another |
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these are matched correctly |
leukocytes — white blood cells erythrocytes — red blood cells |
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In this activity, which of the following were kept constant? |
blood vessel radius and blood vessel length |
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Which of the following describes the graph of flow versus viscosity? |
As viscosity increased, the flow rate decreased and the graph was curved. |
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Which viscosity had the fastest flow rate? |
1 |
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What is the typical range for viscosity of the blood? |
3 to 5 |
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When blood vessel length increases, _______. |
surface area increases |
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Which of the following is true of blood vessel length? |
It increases as we approach puberty. |
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In this experiment, _______. |
blood vessel radius will be kept constant and blood vessel length will be varied |
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Increasing blood vessel length _______. |
has the same effect as decreasing blood vessel radius and increases resistance to flow |
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Which flow tube length had the greatest flow rate? |
10 mm |
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Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow? |
blood vessel radius |
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Which of the following describes why the body might need to increase vessel length? |
to accommodate weight gain and height changes |
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In this activity, which variable will be changed? |
pressure |
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Arteries that are closer to the heart _______. |
have more elastic tissue and must be able to withstand pressure changes |
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In the cardiovascular system, the pressure gradient is provided by _______. |
the force of contraction of the heart and peripheral resistance in the blood vessels |
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Blood flow is _______. |
directly proportional to the pressure gradient |
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Which of the following result(s) in an increase in fluid flow rate? |
increase in pressure and increase in radius diameter |
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Describe the plot of pressure versus flow rate. |
It was linear, and the flow rate increased with increased pressure. |
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In this activity, we changed the pressure delivered by the left beaker. This is analogous to _______. |
increasing the force of contraction of the heart |
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During the ejection period, _______. |
blood is pumped into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk |
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Cardiac output is _______. 32) |
equal to blood flow and equal to heart rate times stroke volume |
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The left side of the heart pumps blood _______. |
through the aortic valve |
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What variable(s) can the cardiovascular system alter to maintain blood pressure? |
heart rate, stroke volume and resistance |
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The volume in the pump when the pump piston is all the way down represents the _______. |
end systolic volume |
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When the flow tube radius increased, _______. |
resistance decreased and pump rate increased to maintain pressure |
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Which of the following stayed constant throughout this activity? |
stroke volume |
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Which right flow tube radius resulted in the fastest flow rate? |
5.0 mm |
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An increase in venous return will _______. |
increase EDV, increase stroke volume and increase the contractility of the heart |
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The overlap length of cardiac muscle in the healthy heart is _______. |
less than optimum for maximum tension production |
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Afterload is the pressure threshold that must be exceeded to open _______. |
the aortic semilunar valve and the pulmonary semilunar valve |
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An increase in preload is a result of _______. |
increased EDV |
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Increase in stroke volume is a result of _______. |
increased contractility of the heart, increased EDV and increased preload |
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Which variable was altered in this activity? |
stroke volume |
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An increase in venous return _______. |
occurs during exercise |
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The flow rate in this activity _______. |
stayed constant, because pump rate decreased as the stroke volume increased |
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Aortic valve stenosis is characterized by _______. |
increased resistance to blood flow, thickening of the myocardium and narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve |
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The compensating mechanisms tested in this activity include all of the following EXCEPT _______ |
increasing preload |
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In the activity, decreasing pressure in the right beaker is analogous to _______. |
decreasing afterload |
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Increasing the left flow tube radius corresponds to _______. |
increasing preload |
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In this activity, the pump simulates the _______. |
left ventricle |
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When the left flow tube radius was increased, _______. |
the flow rate increased |
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Patients with aortic valve stenosis experience _______. |
increased thickness in the myocardium and a decrease in chamber volume |
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