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When you write a program that stores a value in a variable, you are using ______________ storage. |
temporary |
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_________ storage is not lost when a computer loses power. |
Nonvolatile |
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Files exist on ____________ storage devices, such as hard disks, DVDs, USB drives, and reels of magnetic tape. |
permanent |
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A __________ is a collection of data stored on a nonvolatile device in a computer system. |
computer file |
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Directories and ________ are organization units on storage devices. |
folders |
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The combination of the disk drive plus the complete hierarchy of directories in which a file resides is its ______. |
path |
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___________ is the more general term for an entity that organizes files. |
Directory |
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Characters are made up of smaller elements called ______. |
bits |
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________ are groups of fields that go together for some logical reason. |
Records |
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A database holds groups of files or ________ that together serve the information needs of an organization. |
tables |
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In most programming languages, before an application can use a data file, it must ______ the file. |
open |
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When you copy data from a file on a storage device into RAM, you ______ from the file. |
read |
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When a program uses a ___________, it reads all the records in the file from beginning to end, processing them one at a time. |
sequential file |
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When you store data records, they exist ___________________. |
in some type of order. |
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When records are in _______ order, they are arranged one after another on the basis of the value in a particular field. |
sequential |
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The _________ is often used as a statistic in many cases because it represents a more typical case. |
median |
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The _______ is skewed by a few very high or low values. |
mean |
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When you create a ____________ report, the records must have been sorted in order by a key field. |
control break |
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When computers sort data, they always use _______ values when making comparisons between values. |
numeric |
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Because "A" is always less than "B", alphabetic sorts are ______ sorts. |
ascending |
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In a ________, items in a list are compared with each other in pairs. |
bubble sort |
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A bubble sort is sometimes called a _________. |
sinking sort |
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When you learn a method like sorting, programmers say you are learning a(n) _________. |
algorithm |
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To correctly swap two values, you create a(n) _________ variable to hold one of the values. |
temporary |
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When using a bubble sort to sort a 10-element array, on the fourth pass through the array list you detect that no swap has occurred. This indicates _____________. |
the elements are in order or nearly in order. |
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When you sort records, two possible approaches are to place related data items in parallel arrays and to _______________ . |
sort records as a whole |
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The last statement in a method is a(n) ________ statement. |
return |
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Variables and constants are _______ within, or local to, only the method in which they are declared. |
in scope |
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When a data item is known to all of a program’s modules, it is a _____ data item. |
global |
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A calling method sends a(n) _______ to a called method. |
argument |
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A called method accepts the value of an argument passed to it as its ________ . |
parameter |
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A method’s name and parameter list constitute the method’s _________ . |
signature |
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You can think of the __________ in a method declaration as a funnel into the method. |
parentheses |
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When a copy of a variable is sent to a method, it is passed by ________ . |
value |
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Each time a method executes, any parameter variables listed in the method header are ________ . |
re-declared |
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The variables in the method declaration that accept the values from the actual parameters are _______ parameters. |
formal |
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A method can return nothing, in which case the method is a ______ method. |
void |
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The method name and parameter list constitute the ________. |
signature |
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______________ is a programming model that focuses on an application’s components and data and the methods you need to manipulate them. |
Object-oriented programming |
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Object-oriented programmers sometimes say an object is one _________ of a class. |
instantiation |
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Objects both in the real world and in object-oriented programming contain _______ and methods. |
attributes |
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________ are the characteristics that define an object. |
Attributes |
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When you think in an object-oriented manner, every object is a member of an ______. |
object |
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Object-oriented programmers also use the term _____ when describing inheritance. |
is-a |
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The concept of a class is useful because of its _________ . |
reusability |
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The data components of a class that belong to every instantiated object are the class’s _______. |
instance variables |
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Instance variables are often called ______ to help distinguish them from other variables you might use. |
fields |
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A _____________ is a program or class that instantiates objects of another prewritten class. |
class client or class user |
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The term __________ is applied to situations in which you define multiple methods with a single name. |
overloading |
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A ___________ is a set of program statements that lists the characteristics of each object and the methods each object can use. |
class definition |
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