Combo with -better psy 313 final- and 1 other

1. The "baby boomers" are a part of what life stage today?

B. middle adulthood

1. Until recently, the least studied part of the life span has been

C. middle adulthood.

1. In the United States, middle adulthood is

C. currently the age of the best educated and most affluent cohort to ever reach middle age anywhere.

1. In parts of India and in Japan, maturation and aging are thought of primarily as social processes involving changes in relationships and roles rather than

B. in terms of biological changes and chronological years.

1. Middle-aged people 40 to 65 years old are likely to be in a secure financial position because

A. they are in their peak earning years.

1. Stacy is reevaluating her earlier career goals, spending more time with her husband, and taking stock of her life. She is most likely in

C. middle adulthood.

1. Jim must hold a newspaper at arm’s length to read it. He should be checked for

C. presbyopia.

1. Tim has recently realized that he has difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds when he listens to his favorite music on the stereo. His condition is referred to as

C. presbycusis.

1. Loss of strength after age 45 is attributed to

B. loss of muscle fiber.

1. Loss of endurance during middle adulthood results from a gradual decrease in the rate of

B. basal metabolism.

1. While pain’s protective functions remain, in middle adulthood

C. both men and women are less able to tolerate pain.

1. Changes in appearance in middle age are due to all of the following EXCEPT

D. less vitamin and mineral content in diets.

1. Which of the following is true about menopause?

A. It is the cessation of ovulation and menstruation.

1. Shondra’s menstrual periods have been irregular for the last several months. Sometimes there have been only 2 weeks between periods, and sometimes she will experience a 50-day cycle. She also now has less bleeding than when she was younger. According to the text, those changes are due to

B. a decrease in estrogen levels.

1. The indirect influence of a person’s socioeconomic status affects all of the following EXCEPT

C. mortality rates.

1. The largest underlying factor in African Americans’ health problems is poverty, which is related to all of the following EXCEPT

C. genetic variables.

1. Diabetes has increased in recent years, making it the ______ leading cause of death in middle age.

B. fourth

1. A U.S. Breast Cancer Prevention Task Force recommends that women have mammography screenings

C. every one or two years after age 40.

1. Many experts believe that surgical removal of the uterus, a hysterectomy, is overused in women’s health care. One study in California showed that ______ of the recommended hysterectomies did not meet the established medical criteria.

D. 76 percent

1. Hormone replacement therapy is

B. sometimes prescribed for women at high risk of osteoporosis.

1. Suppose that you are a physician and a 59-year-old postmenopausal woman has come to you seeking hormone therapy to reduce her risk of heart disease. Which of the following statements regarding hormone therapy and heart disease would you tell this woman?

A. Recent studies have found hormone therapy to be ineffective in reducing the risk of heart disease.

1. ****Women who receive estrogen therapy after menopause have reduced rates of all of the following EXCEPT

B. heart disease.

1. The damage that occurs when coping abilities are inadequate to meet the demands is called

B. stress.

1. Holmes and Rahe’s classic work on stress found that it

A. is linked to physical illness.

1. Whether or not an event causes stress may depend on

B. the reaction it produces.

1. According to the text, stressful events are LESS LIKELY to lead to illness when the stressful event is

D. can be controlled by the person experiencing it.

1. All of the following are symptoms of burnout EXCEPT

D. weight gain.

1. Employers who provide a positive feeling of motivation for employees are practicing ______ engagement.

C. job

1. When men who define their worth in terms of their ability to support their family lose their jobs they experience all of the following EXCEPT

B. loss of control of their lives.

1. The textbook description of Madeline Albright concluded that one of her greatest assets is _______________; again and again, she has adjusted to new environments, learned new languages, mastered new challenges, and reshaped her identity.

A. perseverance

1. According to Jung, during the midlife transition men and women

A. turn inward to express previously suppressed aspects of personality.

1. Adam is 42 years old and in the midst of his midlife transition. According to Carl Jung’s analysis of midlife, Adam needs to accomplish two important tasks for a successful transition:

C. to give up the image of youth and acknowledge one’s eventual death.

1. According to Erikson, middle-aged adults are involved in the crisis of

B. generativity versus stagnation.

1. According to Erikson, the virtue of middle adulthood is

B. care.

1. Levinson felt that men become more concerned with ______________ during middle adulthood.

D. relationships

1. Neugarten calls the shift in middle age toward concern with the inner self

B. interiority.

1. In the timing-of-events model, personality development is dependent on

C. significant life events that occur at different times for different people.

1. Both Vaillant and Jung reported

A. a lessoning of gender differentiation at midlife and a tendency for men to become more nurturing and expressive.

1. Most research has cast doubt on the idea that middle age brings about ________ as a source of psychological disturbance.

C. a midlife crisis

1. Travis is 44 years old and is worrying about his lost youth, his changing appearance, his unfulfilled dreams, and his future. Jacques (1967) would describe Travis’ emotional state as

A. midlife crisis.

1. A psychological turning point that often yields new insights into the self and corrects life’s design and trajectory is called a

D. midlife review.

1. A midlife review for Donald may include all of the following EXCEPT

C. a midlife crisis.

1. Whitbourne concluded that a person customarily reaches identity equilibrium on the basis of their identity style. All of the following is are typical identity styles EXCEPT

C. comprehensive.

1. Identity has been described as the accumulated perceptions of the self, both conscious and unconscious. This means that

C. self-perceptions are confirmed or denied throughout a person’s lifetime and adjustments are made to this view.

1. The traditional age for entering into late adulthood is

B. 65.

1. Health and longevity are closely linked to

A. education and socioeconomic status.

1. The fastest-growing segment of the American population is people

D. age 85 and older.

1. Social scientists who study the aged and the aging process are called

C. gerontologists.

1. According to gerontologists, individuals who are counted among the "oldest old" are at least _______________ years old.

C. 85

1. According to functional age classifications, the "young old" are

D. elderly people who are vital, vigorous, and active.

1. Average life expectancy, in years, for babies born in the United States in 2003 is about

C. 77.6

1. A baby born in the United States in the year 2003 could be expected to live about ______________ years longer than a baby born in the year 1900.

C. 30

1. Generalizing from the text: A major reason for the increased life expectancy that has occurred since the 1970s is

B. far fewer people are dying of diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

1. On average, in which country do people live the longest?

D. Japan

1. Compared with American men, American women tend to

A. live longer.

1. By the age of _________, the ratio of women to men is about 2 to 1.

C. 85

1. In which country has life expectancy for men decreased by 7.3 years due to economic and social instability, high rates of alcohol and tobacco use, and deterioration of the health system+

B. Russia

1. One reason that the United States ranks twenty-fourth among 191 countries in healthy life expectancy rates is due to

C. fairly high levels of violence.

1. Senescence is

B. the period of life marked by declines in body functioning related to aging.

1. Dan, age 78, has reduced his social commitments, is slowing down, and is focusing on his own needs. He is aging successfully, according to _______________ theory.

D. disengagement

1. Which theory holds that people age most successfully by remaining involved in as many roles as possible and finding substitutes for lost roles?

A. activity

1. Which theory of successful aging suggests that older adults should continue to do what they have been doing as long as they find that activity satisfying?

B. continuity theory

1. According to Atchley’s continuity theory, the most desirable pattern of development in later life is for older people to

C. welcome some change but maintain links with the past.

presbyopia

age-related, progressive loss of the eyes’ ability to focus on nearby due to loss on elasticity in the lens

myopia

nearsightedness

presbycusis

age-related, gradual loss of hearing, which accelerates after age 55, especially with regard to sounds at higher frequencies.

basal metabolism

use of energy to maintain vital functions

vital capacity

amount of air that can be drawn in with a deep breath and then expelled

menopause

cessation of menstruation and the ability to bear children

perimenopause

period of several years during which a woman experiences physiological changes of menopause, includes first year after end of menstruation, also called climacteric

erectile dysfunction

inability of a man to achieve or maintain an erect penis sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance

hypertension

chronically high blood pressure

diabetes

disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin, a hormone that converts sugar, starches, and other foods into energy needed for daily life

osteoporosis

condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of rapid calcium depletion

mammography

diagnostic x-ray examination of the breasts

hormone therapy (HT)

treatment with artificial estrogen, sometimes in combination with the hormone progesterone, to relieve or prevent symptoms caused by decline in estrogen levels after menopause

stress

response to physical or psychological demands

stressors

perceived environmental demands that may produce stress

fluid intelligence

type of intelligence, proposed by Horn and Cattell, that is applied to novel problems and is relatively independent of education and cultural influences

crystallized intelligence

type of intelligence, proposed by Horn and Cattell, involving the ability to remember and use learned information; it is largely dependent on education and culture

encapsulation

in Hoyer’s terminology, progressive dedication of information processing and fluid thinking to specific knowledge systems, making knowledge more readily accessible

literacy

in an adult, ability to use printed and written information to function in society, achieve goals, and develop knowledge and potential

middle adulthood

years between 40 and 65

five areas of age-related vision problems

near vision, dynamic vision, sensitivity to light, visual search, speed of processing

visual acuity

sharpness of vision

menopausal transition

process of going through menopause

climacteric

perimenopause

cancer

leading cause of death between ages 45 and 64

expertise

specialized knowledge, form of crystallized intelligence

integrated thought

mature adults integrate logic with intuition and emotion; they integrate conflicting facts and ideas; and they integrate new info with what they already know

creative performance

what, and how much, a creative mind produces

phased retirement

before bringing their working lives to a stop, people reduce hours or days, gradually moving to retirement over a number of years

bridge employment

people switch to a new company or newline of work before bringing their working lives to a complete stop

social convoy theory

Theory proposed by Kahn and Antonucci, that people move throughout life surrounded by concentric circles of intimate relationships on which they rely for assistance, well-being, and social support

ethnic conservatism

the tendency of new immigrants to resist assimilation and cling to familiar values and practices that give meaning to life

divorce in middle age

#1 reason for divorce in middle age is spousal abuse -verbal, physical or emotional

kinkeepers

maintain ties among the various branches of the extended family – usually female parents

ageism

prejudice or discrimination based on age

growth in agin population due to

declines in fertility accompanied by economic growth, better nutrition, healthier lifestyles, improved control of infectious disease, safer water and sanitation, advances in science, technology, medicine

fastest growing age group in world

80’s and older

self actualization

the full realization of human potential- Abraham Maslow

individuation

Carl Jung’s term for emergence of the true self through balancing or integration of conflicting parts of the personality

generativity versus stagnation

Erickson’s seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which the middle aged adult develops a concern over establishing, guiding, and influencing the next generation- or else experiences stagnation (a sense of inactivity or restlessness)

generativity

Erickson’s term for concern of mature adults for establishing, guiding, and influencing the next generation can be expressed through parenting/grandparenting, mentorship, productivity, creativity and self-generation (self-development)

interiority

Neugarten’s term for a concern with inner life (introversion or introspection) which usually appears in middle age

midlife crisis

in some normative-crisis models, stressful life period precipitated by the review and reevaluation of one’s past, typically occurring in the early to middle forties now considered to be an inaccurate representation of what most people experience in midlife

turning point

psychological transitions that involve significant change or transformation in the perceived meaning, purpose, or direction of a person’s life

midlife review

introspective inspection that often occurs in middle age, leading to reappraisal and revision of values and priorities

ego-resiliency

the ability to adapt resourcefully to potential sources of stress

identity process theory

Whitbourne’s theory of identity development based on processes of assimilation and accommodation identity is made up of accumulated perceptions of the self

identity schemas

accumulated perceptions of the self shaped by incoming information from intimate relationships, work related situations, and community and other experiences

identity assimilation

Whitbourne’s term for effort to fit a new experience into an existing self-concept tends to maintain continuity of the self

identity accomodation

Whitbourne’s term for adjusting the self-concept to fit the new experience. tends to bring about needed change

gender crossover

Gutmann’s term for reversal of gender roles after the end of active parenting

socioemotional selectivity theory

Theory, proposed by Carstensen, that people select social contracts in the basis of the changing relative of social interaction as a source of information, as an aid in developing and maintaining a self-concept, and as a source of emotional well-being three goals of social interaction: 1. source of info 2.helps people develop and maintain a sense of self 3. source of pleasure and comfort – emotional well-being

marital capital

financial and emotional benefits built up during a long-standing marriage, which tend to hold a couple together

empty nest

transitional phase of parenting following the last child’s leaving the parent’s home

revolving door syndrome

tendency for young adults who have left home to return to their parents’s household in times of financial, marital, or other trouble

filial maturity

stage of life, proposed by Marcoen and others, in which middle-aged children, as the outcome of a filial crisis, learn to accept and meet their parents’ need to depend on them

filial crisis

in Marcoen’s terminology, normative development of middle age, in which adults learn to balance love and duty to their parents with autonomy within a two-way relationship

sandwich generation

middle aged adults squeezed by competing needs to raise or launch children and to care for elderly parents

caregiver burnout

condition of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion affecting adults who provide continuous care for sick or aged persons

kinship care

care of children living without parents in the home of grandparents or other relatives, with or without a change of legal custody

self-actualization

Maslow: the full realization of human potential, can come only with maturity

conscientousness

tends to be highest in middle age

Jung’s view midlife

at midlife, people shift their preoccupation to their inner, spiritual selves; People seek a union of opposites by expressing their previously disowned aspects

Erikson’s view midlife

7th normative stage = generatively versus stagnation. virtue = care

timing of events model

adult personality development hinges less on age than on important life events

identity formation

some developmental scientists see this as the central issue of adulthood

narrative psychology

views the development of the self as a continuos process of constructing one’s life story – a dramatic story, or personal myth to help make sense of one’s life and connect past and present with the future

generativity scripts

generated by highly generative adults – feature a theme of redemption, or deliverance from suffering and are associated with psychological well-being

positive mental health

involves a sense of psychological well-being, which goes hand in hand with a healthy sense of self

Ryff Model of Well-Being

6 dimensions of well-being: 1. self-acceptance 2. positive relations with others 3. autonomy 4. environmental mastery 5. purpose in life 6. personal growth

Sociable intergenerational families

less emotional affinity and commitment

Obligatory intergenerational families

much interaction but little emotional commitment

Detached intergenerational families

detached emotionally and geographically

Intimate but distant intergenerational families

spending little time together but retaining warm feelings that might lead to renewal of contact and exchange