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Across many cultures, men prefer female figures in which the circumference of the waist is about 70% of the circumference of the hips, which also predicts ____. a.sexuality |
high fertility |
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Craig and Beth have been a couple for over a year. When they first met, Beth was always late for class and Craig liked to be early. Now they tend to get to class on time and are increasingly similar in other respects as well. This reflects a process known as ____. a.homogenization |
attitude alignment |
|
Capuchin monkeys refuse to exchange pebbles for a slice of cucumber after seeing another monkey receive a more highly valued grape for its pebble (Brosnan & De Waal, 2003). This suggests that nonhuman primates have a ____. a.sense of competition |
sense of fair play |
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Alex is generally a reasonable person — unless he becomes very drunk. Then, he is quick to anger at his wife, accuses her unfairly of infidelity, and has on occasion tried to hit her. What role does alcohol play in these instances? a.It has inhibiting effects on behavior. b.It suppresses the left hemisphere. c.It has disinhibiting effects on behavior. d.It activates the frontal lobes. |
It has disinhibiting effects on behavior. |
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A simplified set of traits associated with membership in a group or category is called ____. a.prejudice |
a stereotype |
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Complying with a request from an authority figure is called ____. a.obedience |
obedience |
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Biologists have cataloged many species that determine the allocation of mating opportunities, food, and other resources, both within and between groups, by ____. a.cooperation, usually among females b.communication, usually audible c.competition, usually in the form of fighting d.altruistic behavior, usually within the family |
competition, usually in the form of fighting |
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A murder would be described as having a situational rather than a dispositional basis in which country? a.South Africa |
Korea |
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A person in which of these groups is least likely to be obedient within Milgram’s experiment (1963)? a.Austrian men |
Australian women |
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A change in attitudes in response to information provided by another person is called ____. a.cognitive dissonance |
persuasion |
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Cross-cultural data show that homicide rates are often high in cultures that ____. a.reward children for aggression towards each other b.feature loving socialization of children and aversion to interpersonal conflict c.ignore interpersonal conflict among children d.explicitly teach children to fight |
feature loving socialization of children and aversion to interpersonal conflict |
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Agreeing to a request from a person with no perceived authority is called ____. a.obedience |
compliance |
|
A judgment about the cause of a person’s behavior is called a(n) ____. a.correspondence |
attribution |
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Aggression is the ____. a.unintentional infliction of harm on another b.conscious intent to harm another c.desire and ability to harm another d.intentional or unintentional infliction of harm on another |
conscious intent to harm another |
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Consider the prisoner’s dilemma (Poundstone, 1992). In which of the following pairings would the participants likely cooperate the least? a.Two participants from the United Kingdom b.One participant from China and one participant from the United States c.One participant from Australia and one participant from Denmark d.Two participants from Korea |
One participant from China and one participant from the United States |
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Which of the following examples does not fit an evolutionary model to account for altruistic behavior? a.The altruist’s acts increase the survival of family members. b.The altruism may be reciprocated someday increasing survival. c.Selfish acts might be punished by group members. d.Altruism is transmitted by a culture through learning. |
Altruism is transmitted by a culture through learning. |
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A change in attitudes in response to information provided by another person is called |
persuasion |
|
A judgment about the cause of a person’s behavior is called a(n) |
attribution |
|
A murder would be described as having a situational rather than a dispositional basis in which country? |
Korea |
|
A person in which of these groups is least likely to be obedient within Milgram’s experiment (1963) |
Australian women |
|
A positive or negative evaluation that predisposes behavior toward an object, person, or situation is called a(n) |
attitude |
|
A simplified set of traits associated with membership in a group or category is called |
a stereotype |
|
Advertisers direct much advertising towards children and grocery stores place products appealing to children on lower shelves. Why |
Children are more likely than adults to respond to persuasive arguments emotionally rather than logically. |
|
Aggression is the |
conscious intent to harm another |
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Bob received a C on his Calculus II exam and an A on his Macroeconomics exam. Which of the following would best reflect a self-serving bias on his part? |
Bob felt he did poorly on the Calculus II exam because he was coming down with the flu and well on his Macroeconomics exam because of his innate gift for understanding how the world works |
|
Agreeing to a request from a person with no perceived authority is called |
compliance |
|
Children and youth are exposed to increasingly violent and graphic images and ideas through films, video games, and music lyrics. Some research results show correlations between media exposure and aggression, which indicates that |
there may or may not be some relationship between the two |
|
Complying with a request from an authority figure is called |
obedience |
|
Craig and Beth have been a couple for over a year. When they first met, Beth was always late for class and Craig liked to be early. Now they tend to get to class on time and are increasingly similar in other respects as well. This reflects a process known as |
attitude alignment |
|
Danny’s soccer teammates want to play a prank on a rival team before their game. Danny is reluctant to participate, but does not want to be the only one who expresses disapproval of the plan. He goes along with the group. This scenario illustrates that conformity |
reduces the risk of rejection by a social group |
|
Diana is participating in a speed dating evening for the first time. She spend five minutes with each partner, and in the process, she meets one man whom she would very much like to see again. How accurate is her assessment likely to be? |
accurate and persistent |
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For an individual or small group to influence a larger group, it is important to |
speak with consistency and confidence |
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Helping others without personal gain or with personal costs is called |
altruism |
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Individual, gender, cultural, and task variables interact to produce social loafing. Who has the greatest potential for social loafing? |
Robert is a male from a Western culture and is working in a group to pick up trash along the highway. |
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Jimmy is six years old. His parents have always yelled at him when angry but they have never hit him. They do yell at and slap each other. Based on Albert Bandura’s and other studies, what is Jimmy likely to learn? |
To behave aggressively himself |
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Joe’s best friend has applied for many jobs and received a few interviews, but has not had one job offer yet. Joe believes that due to the current economy, finding a job may take his friend some time. His belief is an example of |
situational attribution |
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Jen’s best friend just got fired from her part-time job waitressing. Jen’s first thought was "I knew she lacked the patience for that job." Jen is illustrating |
dispositional attribution |
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Joshua is eight years old and cannot control his temper. His parents encourage him to vent his anger by punching an inflatable doll. This approach will most likely ____. |
heighten his feelings of aggression |
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Luke and Laura both come from families where their parents divorced when they were very young. They would like their marriage to last, so they try to share household and childcare responsibilities and provide each other with some time to pursue individual interests or relax. Their relationship could be described as |
equitable |
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People are likely to use faces to form impressions. According to research (Rule et al., 2010), our abilities to shape accurate first impressions based on facial features ____. |
interact with culture |
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Raising awareness of a negative stereotype about a group to which we belong has the ability to reduce our performance, a phenomenon known as |
stereotype threat |
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