COM112 Test 1

Most ppl in the US believe they are above-avg communicators

True

Among adults, which of the following is true about touch behavior?
a. women touch men more than men touch women Incorrect
b. opposite-sex touch is more common than same-sex touch
c. in same-sex pairs, men touch each other just as much as women do
d. none of the above statements is true

B. opposite-sex touch is more common than same-sex touch

Explain in detail the 4 attachment styles and give an example of how you have seen someone’s attachment style impact your relationship.

a. Secure Attachment: These people had a positive view of themselves and others. They enjoy close relationships. b. Dismissive Attachment: These people have a positive view of themselves, but a negative view of other people. They are usually very confident. c. Preoccupied Attachment: These people have a positive view of other people and a negative view of themselves. They usually say "I’m not good, but I’m friends with so-and-so and he really good at this skill"; even if the person is really good at that skill. d. Fearful Avoidant: They have a negative view of themselves and other people. They are fearful to put themselves out there and make new relationships.

4. Which of the following sequences accurately depicts the process of stereotype formation? Select one:
a. identify group membership→apply generalization→act on prejudice Incorrect
b. identify group membership→act on prejudice→form group generalization
c. identify group membership→recall group generalization→apply generalization
d. identify group membership→recall group generalization→act on prejudice

c. identify group membership→recall group generalization→apply generalization

5. When Jon and Ernesto met in their English class, they were both hesitant to share much about their personal lives. As the semester progressed and they became better friends, they felt comfortable sharing more and more with each other. Which element of self-disclosure is reflected in their relationship? Select one:
a. a. self-disclosure varies in breadth and depth
b. b. self-disclosure must be intentional
c. c. self-disclosure follows a process
d. d. self-disclosure varies among relationships

c. c. self-disclosure follows a process

6. Many factors affect the likelihood that we will notice a certain object in our environment. Which of the following does not lead to increased attention? Select one:
a. a. plainness
b. b. unusualness
c. c. repetition
d. d. intensity

a. plainness

7. This aspect of communication relates to how well a message meets its goals:

a. Effectiveness

8. Context and feedback are aspects of the action model of communication

False

9. Which of the following is NOT one of the influences on perceptual accuracy addressed in your textbook? Select one:
a. a. cultural background
b. b. social roles
c. c. co-cultural identity
d. d. genetic background

d. genetic background

10. One of the ways we figure out who we are is by seeing who others think we are. The term for that process is:

a. reflected appraisal

competent communication must be both effective and appropriate

true

ppl from different cultures sometimes experience difficulty in understanding one another b/c they think differently

true

when we evaluate our own merits with respect to certain reference groups, we’re engaging in a process known as

social comparion

instrumental needs are the least important needs served by communication

false

15. In which of the following instances might you have committed the self-serving bias? Select one:
a. a. You are quick to attribute your friend’s behaviors to internal, stable causes
b. b. You say that your co-worker’s successes are due only to blind luck
c. c. You say that most everything your roommate does is the result of his being an only child
d. d. You attribute all your failures to external, unstable causes

d. you attribute all your failures to external, unstable causes

16. Which of the following claims about self-disclosure is true? Select one:
a. a. Europeans and North Americans are discouraged from sharing their feelings.
b. b. Asians are generally very disclosive.
c. c. Women disclose more than men.
d. d. All of these are true.

c. women disclose more than men

17. Regarding sex differences in verbal behavior, which of the following is true, according to your text? Select one:
a. a. women are not more talkative than men
b. b. women interrupt more than men do
c. c. men use more disclaimers and hedges than women do Incorrect
d. d. women ask fewer questions than men do

a. women are not more talkative than men

18. Research indicates that the avg person can detect deception approximately what percentage of time?

5%

research has shown that genetics have little or no influence on personality

false

20. In a low-context culture, ppl are expected to be direct and say what they mean

true

21. The concept of perceptual filters states that everyone will derive the same meaning from any given message.

false

Egocentrism is a normal stage of human development

true

self-concept is entirely subjective

false

24. Studies involving communication between infants and caregivers have reliably demonstrated that, Select one:
a. a. Without sufficient interaction, infants will likely develop severe mental illness later in life.
b. b. Human interaction, specifically touch, is critical for development and health. Correct
c. c. Infants’ language acquisition occurs whether or not their caregivers communicate with them.
d. d. Only a child’s biological parents are able to influence his or her social development.

b. b. Human interaction, specifically touch, is critical for development and health

25. Our truth bias is usually stronger for friends than for strangers

true

26. Deception has several characteristics; which of the following is NOT among them? Select one:
a. a. The sender must believe the information is false.
b. b. The receiver must believe the information is true. Correct
c. c. The information must be transmitted knowingly.
d. d. The sender must intend to create a false belief in the receiver

The receiver must believe the information is true. Correct

27. According to research, what is the most powerful predictor of happiness in life?

marital happiness

28. Organization is the process of assigning meaning to something you have perceived.

false

29. What is meant by the phrase "deception can serve as a social lubricant?" Select one:
a. a. People commonly engage in deception to get what they want from other people.
b. b. People commonly engage in deception to avoid hurting others’ feelings. Correct
c. c. People commonly engage in deception in order to impress others.
d. d. People commonly engage in deception in order to increase their number of friends

b. People commonly engage in deception to avoid hurting others’ feelings. Correct

30. Research suggests that women are more likely than men to use self-references, such as "me" or "I".

false

31. In personal relationships, it’s always best to increase the breadth and depth of self-disclosure

false

32. Which of the following statements about ppl with high self-esteem is NOT true?
a. They score higher on standardized tests
b. They are comfortable initiating relationships
c. They have higher emotional intelligence
d. They are more likely to end a relationship that’s in trouble

a. they score higher on standardized tests

33. The process by which cultural traditions are passed from one generation to the next is known as:

cultural transmission

34. Lack of effective communication is the most commonly cited reason for relationship failure.

true

scientific studies have confirmed that girls have lower self-esteem than boys

false

it is possible to be deceptive without ever saying a word

true

37. Very specific communication codes such as those used by doctors and dentists are known as
a. Jargon
b. Idiomatic expressions
c. Specialized codes
d. Clichés

a. jargon

38. Culture is the shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group of ppl from another

true

39. When Ronaldo bought his new flat-screen television, he was surprised at the cost differences between some of the models. When he asked the salesperson for help, the salesperson assured him that the lower-end models could display the same high-definition channels as the more expensive ones. Since he was on a tight budget, Ronaldo took the salesperson’s advice and bought a cheaper model. Only when he got his TV home did Ronaldo realize that he needed to purchase an expensive converter box in order to actually receive HD channels. Which of the following statements is true about this scenario? Select one:
a. a. The salesperson engaged in deception by lying.
b. b. The salesperson engaged in deception by falsification.
c. c. The salesperson engaged in deception by omission. Correct
d. d. The salesperson engaged in deception by misleading.

c. c. The salesperson engaged in deception by omission. Correct

40. Your subjective evaluation of yourself is known as:
a. Self-esteem
b. Self-evaluation
c. Self-concept
d. Self-image

self-esteem

41. Physiology exerts several effects on interpersonal perception

. True

42. Idealizing a romantic partner at the beginning of a new relationship is a common example of the ___ bias.

positivity

43. You liked most everything about your new roommate when you first met, but when you found out she smokes, that overshadowed all of her good qualities in your mind. What perception-making process are you displaying here?

negativity bias

44. In the US, most ppl understand that they are expected to form a line and wiat for their turn. That is an example of what type of rule?
a. A culture-bound rule
b. An explicit rule
c. An implicit rule
d. An orderly rule

an implicit rule

45. Your own understanding of who you are as a person comprises your:

self concept

46. Which concept of culture includes judgments about how good, desirable, or beautiful something is?
a. Symbols
b. Values
c. Norms
d. Language

b. values

47. Which of the following forms of deception is an act of dissimulation?
a. Exaggeration
b. Falsification
c. Sarcasm
d. Equivocation

d. equivocation

48. Perceptual ability is influenced by social and occupational roles.

true

49. Some researchers believe women and men grow up in different speech communities. According to that idea, men are taught to do ___ and women are taught to do ___:

a. Instrumental talk; expressive talk

50. We have a tendency to discount first impressions as untrustworthy

false

51. Which of the following linguistic patterns is associated with powerful speech?
a. Disclaimers
b. Hedges
c. Offering opinions
d. Asking questions

c. Offering opinions

52. Pupil dilation usually decreases when ppl are being deceptive

false

53. According to the distinctions b/w men and women’s linguistic styles, men are more likely to:
a. Use modifiers to reflect the intensity of their statements
b. Talk in shorter phrases
c. Rely on the use of inclusive pronouns like "we"
d. Withhold opinions

b. talk in shorter phrases

54. According to the text, your self-concept is influenced by all of the following except:
a. Personality and biology
b. Culture and gender roles
c. Reflected appraisal
d. Impression evaluation

d. impression evaluation

55. What of the following could be an example of the Othello error? Select one:
a. a. A listener is so suspicious that he or she doubts someone else’s truthful statement.
b. b. People tend to look for deception in bad news more than in good news. Incorrect
c. c. People tend to look for deception in good news more than in bad news.
d. d. A listener is so trusting of another that he or she does not evaluate the truthfulness of the person’s statements.

a. a. A listener is so suspicious that he or she doubts someone else’s truthful statement.

56. According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT considered one of the defining elements of culture?
a. Values
b. Symbols
c. Language
d. Ethnicity

d. ethnicity

57. When Tonya’s boss asked her what time their meeting with the new client was, she replied that it was that afternoon at 3:30. She was so certain that she did not bother to check her calendar first. When Tonya and her boss arrived at the client’s office, the client was very upset because she had been waiting for 30 minutes for their 3:00 meeting. Tonya then checked her calendar, and sure enough, the meeting had been scheduled for 3:00. Which of the following is true of this scenario? Select one:
a. a. Tonya lied to her boss in order to avoid potential harm.
b. b. Tonya did not lie to her boss because she didn’t mean for her boss to believe her.
c. c. Tonya lied to her boss because she failed to check facts before making a statement.
d. d. Tonya did not lie to her boss because she believed her statement was true.

d. d. Tonya did not lie to her boss because she believed her statement was true.

58. Social penetration theory uses the metaphor of an onion to illustrate how self-disclosure develops over time in a relationship.

true

59. A group of students who attend the same high school and all belong to the school’s computer club would be an example of what?
a. Cultural norming
b. Enculturation
c. A co-culture
d. Cultural adaption

c. a co-culture

60. This gender role combines aspects of masculinity and femininity:

androgyny

61. Which type of noise is associated with distractions that result from a loud environment?
a. Physical noise
b. Psychological noise
c. Physiological noise
d. None of these results from a noisy environment.

b. Psychological noise

62. Describe your own culture (or a co-culture you belong to) in terms of whether it is individualistic or collectivistic, high-context or low-context, and high-power-distance or low-power-distance. Use concrete examples. Next, provide a brief critique of each of those characteristics of your culture. What do you find to be positive about it? Negative about it?

a. My Chinese culture is a collectivistic culture; we make sure that the family is taken care of before the individual needs. The culture is also low context because we do not tend to talk to each other about how we’re doing personally; we are told to suck it up and deal with our problems. My Chinese culture is a high power distance because we are told to respect our elders (or uncles who are 5 years old) based on the family lineage. b. I do not like how negative and distance my culture is. I feel like because a lot of people in my culture are distance from their family, these people become more catty and gossip more about other people. I also hate how in some part so of my family, I have to respect a gambling egotistical uncle because he is the eldest in my mom’s family. c. Comments: i. Masculine or feminine culture? Polychronic or monochronic culture?

63. On average, men express more opinions than women do.

true

64. A sense of morality and the judgment of right and wrong are known as:

ethics

65. Studies of affectionate communication have shown that:
a. Highly feminine individuals are likely to express affection
b. Highly masculine individuals are likely to express affection
c. Both highly masculine and feminine individuals are likely to express affection
d. None of these

c. Both highly masculine and feminine individuals are likely to express affection

66. According to your text, all of the following are common reasons for deception except:
a. Some lies take advantage of others’ ignorance
b. Some lies make you look better
c. Some lies benefit the hearer. Incorrect.
d. Some lies amuse you

a.. Some lies take advantage of others’ ignorance

67. A sign in the library that reads "No Talking Allowed" would constitute as an example of what?
a. Perceptual filter
b. relational dimension
c. explicit rule
d. unintentional communication

c. explicit rule