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What is a wiggle in time called? What do you call a wiggle in space and time? |
A vibration, a wave |
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What is the source of all waves? |
The source is something that is vibrating. |
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What is meant by the period of a pendulum? |
The time interval of a to-and-fro swing |
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Which has the longer period, a short or a long pendulum? |
The long pendulum has the longer period. |
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How does a sine curve describe a wave |
A sine curve is a pictorial representation of a wave. |
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Distinguish between these different aspects of a wave: period, amplitude, wavelength, and frequency. |
Period is the time from one crest to the next, amplitude is the distance from the midpoint to a crest, wavelength is the distance from one crest to the next, and frequency is the number of crests that pass per second. |
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How many vibrations per second are represented in a radio wave of 101.7 MHz? |
101,700,000 vibrations |
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How are frequency and period related to each other? |
Frequency and period are inversely proportional. |
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In one word, what is it that moves from source to receiver in wave motion? |
disturbance |
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Does the medium in which a wave travels move with the wave? |
no |
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In what direction are the vibrations relative to the direction of wave travel in a transverse wave? |
At right angles to the direction of wave travel |
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In what direction are the vibrations relative to the direction of wave travel in a longitudinal wave? |
Parallel to the direction of wave travel |
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The wavelength of a transverse wave is the distance between successive crests (or troughs). What is the wavelength of a longitudinal wave? |
The wavelength is the distance between successive maximum compressions (or rarefractions). |
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What is the relationship among frequency, wavelength, and wave speed? |
Wave speed is frequency multiplied by wavelength. |
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What is meant by the superposition principle? |
When two or more waves occupy the same space, wave displacements add at every point. |
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Distinguish between constructive interference and destructive interference. |
Constructive interference occurs when the crests of two waves add together. Destructive interference occurs when a crest of one wave is reduced by the trough of another. |
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What kinds of waves can show interference? |
All waves show interference. |
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What is a node? What is an antinode? |
In a standing wave, a node always has zero displacement and an antinode always has maximum displacement. |
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Can standing waves be formed with transverse waves or longitudinal waves? |
Both |
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In the Doppler effect, does frequency change? Does wave speed change? |
Only frequency changes. |
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Can the Doppler effect be observed with longitudinal waves or with transverse waves? |
Both |
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What is meant by a blue shift and a red shift for light? |
An approaching source has increased light frequency – a blue shift. A receding source has a decreasing frequency – a red shift. |
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How fast must a bug swim to keep up with the waves it produces? How fast must it move to produce a bow wave? |
As fast as the wave speed; as fast as or faster than the wave speed |
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How fast does a supersonic aircraft fly compared with the speed of sound? |
As fast as or faster than the speed of sound |
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How does the V shape of a bow wave depend on the speed of the source? |
The angle of the V gets smaller as the speed of the source gets faster. |
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A bow wave on the surface of water is two-dimensional. What about a shock wave in air? |
A shock wave in air is three-dimensional. |
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True or false: A sonic boom occurs only when an aircraft is breaking through the sound barrier. Defend your answer. |
False. An aircraft creates a shock wave continuously as it is supersonic. This is heard as a sonic boom by an observer. |
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True or false: In order for an object to produce a sonic boom, it must be "noisy." Give two examples to support your answer. |
False. A whip and a bullet move through the air without making sounds other than the shock wave. |
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