One should expect to find cilia associated with the feeding apparatus of _____. |
D |
Sponges _____. |
A |
Which of the following is most likely to be aquatic? |
A |
Comb jellies may not be the most familiar animal to you, but they are critical in the food chain because they make up a significant portion of the planktonic biomass. Their feeding strategy is predatory and involves adhesives or mucus on their tentacles or other body parts. What feeding tactic do these animals use? |
A |
Which of the following can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge? |
C |
Which of the following factors, when used to label the horizontal axis of the graph above, would account most directly for the shape of the plot? |
D |
Most cnidarians are known to produce toxins. In fact, it has been claimed that one particular species produces the most deadly of all toxins on the planet. What feature of this group most likely evolved simultaneously with the evolution of these toxins? |
C |
Healthy corals are brightly colored because they _____. |
B |
In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian? |
B |
The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on the flesh of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea stars, then what actually provides nutrition to the sea star, and which chemical (besides the toxin within their nematocysts) do the corals rely on for protection? |
C |
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish. One day, Tommy, a student in an undersupervised class of forty fifth graders, got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish), who was swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater "flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals. Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals felt sticky. A few hours later, Tommy was in the nurse’s office with nausea and cramps. Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of ______. |
D |
The teacher and class were especially saddened when the colonial hydrozoan died. They had watched it carefully, and the unfortunate creature never even got to produce offspring by budding. Yet, everyone was elated when one of the students noticed a small colonial hydrozoan growing in a part of the tank far from the location of the original colony. The teacher was apparently unaware that these hydrozoans exhibit _____. |
D |
The sharp, inch-long thorns of the crown-of-thorns sea star are its spines. These spines, unlike those of most other sea stars, contain a potent toxin. If it were discovered that crown-of- thorns sea stars do not make this toxin themselves, then the most likely alternative would be that this toxin is _____. |
A |
The presence of a lophophore in a newly discovered species would suggest that the species _____. |
D |
You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm? |
B |
What would be the best anatomical feature to look for to distinguish a gastropod from a chiton? |
D |
Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to- volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length. |
D |
Against which hard structure do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work? |
D |
While sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encounters large numbers of fertilized eggs. The student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds that the blastopore becomes the mouth. The embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. These eggs probably belonged to a(n) _____. |
B |
Which structure do sea slugs use to feed on their prey? |
C |
The nematocysts most likely reach the skin of sea slugs through branches of the _____. |
A |
The nematocysts of sea slugs should be most effective at protecting individual sea slugs from predation if the predators _____. |
A |
If the dinoflagellate-containing sea slug P. ianthina preys on coral animals, then it would be LEAST surprising to find that _____. |
C |
The sea slug Elysia chorotica has no nematocysts or dinoflagellates but, rather, has "naked" chloroplasts in its skin. The chloroplasts are all that remain of the seaweed (Vaucheria sp.) that Elysia feeds upon. The chloroplasts are transferred to the skin; consequently, this slug is green. It spends most of its time basking in shallow water on the surface of seaweeds. How should we expect its chloroplasts to benefit the Elysia sea slug? |
D |
Nudibranchs usually have two rhinophores. However, if they had a single rhinophore, it could still carry out the function of two rhinophores, and with similar effectiveness, if this single rhinophore _____. |
A |
A natural predator of the crown-of-thorns sea star is a mollusc called the Giant Triton, Charonia tritonis. If the triton uses a radula to saw into the sea star, then to which clade should the triton belong? |
C |
If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is and how it works, the teacher would point out a feeding _____. |
D |
The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension feeding and predation. The teacher thought that providing live copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) would satisfy the dietary needs of all of the organisms. Consequently, which two organisms would have been among the first to starve to death (assuming they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)? |
D |
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population? |
B |
According to the graph, during which season(s) of the year is the relationship between the sea slug and its dinoflagellates closest to being commensal? |
A |
Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because _____. |
A |
Which one of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders? |
A |
Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms? A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies |
C |
If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be located? |
A |
Parasitism is one of the most widespread life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the following is consistent with this finding? |
C |
Nematodes and arthropods both _____. |
C |
Arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells both _____. |
C |
You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. You take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you have found a centipede. Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction? |
B |
Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other plants. Nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile, feeding on their host plants’ phloem (sap) from the undersides of leaves. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults. Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving, you hypothesize that their translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. How could you directly test this hypothesis? A) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs on plant leaves of different colors (for example, red vs. green poinsettia leaves). |
B |
All arthropods _____. |
C |
Look at the graph for Cormocephalus morsitans in the figure above. What is the best interpretation of these results? |
C |
Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi (note the scale of the y-axis) in the figure above. What is the best interpretation of these results? |
A |
How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles? Closing spiracles would _____. |
B |
Compare the graphs in the figure above of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for |
D |
What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect’s antennae? The insect would have trouble _____. |
D |
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong? |
C |
A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature _____. |
D |
In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism? |
A |
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips. The claws (fangs) on the foremost trunk segment of centipedes have a function most similar to that of _____. |
C |
The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to that of _____. |
C |
The spiracles and tracheae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____. |
B |
The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____. |
A |
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles. If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should expect them to have all of the following structures, EXCEPT _____. |
D |
Sarah observed that the mystery pond organisms never come up to the pond’s surface. If she catches one of these organisms and observes closely, perhaps dissecting the organism, she should find _____. |
A |
As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class Asteroidea. Which of the following characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm? |
D |
The water vascular system of echinoderms _____. |
B |
Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description? |
A |
Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic? |
C |
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish. The bivalves started to die one by one; only the undamaged shells remained. To keep the remaining bivalves alive, the teacher would most likely need to remove the _____. |
B |
Chapter 33 Practice
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