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morphological studies of the cytoskeleton |
Organisms are classified as Excavata based on __________. |
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Apicomplexans |
Which of these groups includes parasitic unicellular organisms with a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host cells and tissues? – Apicomplexans – Ciliates – Euglenoids – Dinoflagellates – Diatoms |
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combines photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition |
The term mixotroph indicates that a protist __________. |
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Phytophthora infestans |
__________ is a protist that causes late blight of potatoes and was responsible for the Irish potato famine of the 19th century. |
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All of the listed structures are used for locomotion in protists. |
Which of the following is not a structure used for locomotion in protists? – All of the listed structures are used for locomotion in protists. – Undulating membrane – Pseudopodia – Flagella – Cilia |
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Dinoflagellates |
Which of these groups includes species that produce a substance that is toxic to humans? – Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – Ciliates – Euglenids – Diatoms |
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Reproduction |
Which of the following does not take place during the process of conjugation? – Reproduction – Exchange of genetic material – Cell fusion – Mitosis – Meiosis |
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Sporozoite |
Which of the following is not a cellular organelle possessed by a protist? – Sporozoite – Mitochondria – Plastid – Hydrogenosome – Mitosome |
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It shows all four supergroups diverging simultaneously from a common ancestor. |
Which of the following is one of the main weaknesses of the proposed classification scheme in which all eukaryotes are divided into four supergroups? – It shows all four supergroups diverging simultaneously from a common ancestor. – It postulates that photosynthetic protists arose by way of endosymbiosis. – It does not explain the extra membranes found in some plastids. – It does not take into account the importance of endosymbiosis. – It does not account for "amitochondriate" protists. |
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Ciliates |
Which of these groups is characterized by cells that have more than one nucleus? – Ciliates – Apicomplexans – Euglenids – Dinoflagellates – Diatoms |
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engulfed a photosynthetic red alga in a secondary endosymbiosis event |
Although controversial, chromalveolates are proposed as a clade whose common ancestor __________. |
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All of the listed groups are protists. |
Which of the following is not a group included in the protists? – All of the listed groups are protists. – Forams – Diatoms – Brown algae – Ciliates |
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All three have sacs known as alveoli just beneath their plasma membranes. |
What do a carnivorous dinoflagellate, a parasitic apicomplexan, and a ciliate have in common? |
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Diatoms |
Which of these groups includes unicellular organisms that, due to the structure of their cell walls, can withstand pressures equal to the pressure under each leg of a table supporting an elephant? – Diatoms – Apicomplexans – Ciliates – Euglenids – Dinoflagellates |
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Chlamydomonas |
Which of the following is not a protist genera that parasitizes humans? – Chlamydomonas – All of the listed genera consist of human parasites. – Entamoeba – Trichomonas – Plasmodium |
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Choanoflagellates |
Which protist group is thought to be most closely related to animals? – Choanoflagellates – Alveolates – Stramenopiles – Euglenozoans – Diplomonads |
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chlorophytes |
Green algae are divided into two main groups, the charophytes and the __________. |
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anchoring the algae |
The holdfast of brown algae functions in __________. |
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What is one way in which a cellular slime mold differs from a plasmodial slime mold? |
What is one way in which a cellular slime mold differs from a plasmodial slime mold? |
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Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi |
Protists are best described as which of the following? – Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi – Single-celled organisms that are not bacteria – The domain containing the greatest range of unicellular structures and metabolisms – Simple eukaryotes lacking a well-developed cytoskeleton – The most diverse group of prokaryotic organisms |
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Dinoflagellates |
Which organisms are capable of producing a "red tide"? – Dinoflagellates – None of the listed responses is correct. – Euglenids – Sporozoans – Chrysophytes (diatoms) |
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the apicoplast, a modified plastid, appears to be of red algal origin |
Apicomplexans are currently assigned to the chromalveolates because __________. |
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About 30% of the world’s photosynthesis is performed by protists. |
Which of the following is the best description of protists’ contribution to photosynthesis? – About 30% of the world’s photosynthesis is performed by protists. – The net effect of protists is to impede photosynthesis by parasitizing plants. – Only terrestrial protists substantially contribute to photosynthesis. – Protists carry out the majority of the world’s photosynthesis. – Protists play an important role only through symbioses with photosynthetic organisms. |
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Both lack plastids. |
Which example below is a characteristic shared by diplomonads and parabasalids? – Both lack plastids. – Both have two nuclei. – Both have a single flagellum. – Both lack mitochondria. – Both are adapted to aerobic environments. |
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Euglenids |
Which of these groups includes photosynthetic unicellular organisms with flagella and contractile vacuoles? – Euglenids – Apicomplexans – Ciliates – Dinoflagellates – Diatoms |
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cyanobacteria |
Molecular data suggest that plastids originated as __________ engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryote. |
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several diverse groups of photosynthetic protists |
The term algae refers to __________. |
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Many protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than they are to each other and recent evidence makes it clear that the former kingdom Protista was paraphyletic. |
Why have protists been "mixed in" with plants, animals, and fungi under the hypothesis that groups eukaryotes into five supergroups? |
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Frequently changing their surface proteins |
Parasites of the genus Trypanosoma evade immune responses through what defense? – Frequently changing their surface proteins – Causing little damage to the host – Infecting cells of the immune system – Forming dormant endospores – Remaining on the outside of the host |
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Oomycetes |
Which protists were once categorized as fungi due to their multinucleate filaments that resemble hyphae? – Oomycetes – Parabasalids – Golden algae – Stramenopiles – Dinoflagellates |
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