Chapter 19- The Heart

Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

D) D

Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

C) C

Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

E) E

Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

B) B

Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, comprised of cells from
the myocardium.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

B) B

Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

E) E

Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

A) A

Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

C) C

Identify the letter that indicates the thicker myocardial layer of the left ventricle.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

D) D

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the
A) pulmonary cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) pericardial cavity.
D) vertebral cavity.
E) mediastinum.

E) mediastinum.

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) right auricle

C) left atrium

The heart chamber that receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and
coronary sinus.
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) left auricle

A) right atrium

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.
A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carneae
D) chordae tendineae
E) fossa ovalis

D) chordae tendineae

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.
A) tricuspid valve
B) bicuspid valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) pectinate muscles

D) pulmonary semilunar valve

Heart valve with two cusps.
A) mitral valve
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) fossa ovalis
E) atrioventricular bundle

A) mitral valve

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.
A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

D) papillary muscles

Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.
A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

E) atrioventricular bundle

Large cardiac cells of the conducting system embedded in the ventricular walls between the
endocardium and myocardium.
A) atrioventricular bundle
B) atrioventricular branches
C) subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)
D) sinoatrial node
E) atrioventricular node

C) subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)

Parasympathetic impulses to the SA node are transmitted on this cranial nerve.
A) Glossopharyngeal nerve
B) Accessory nerve—spinal part
C) Vagus nerve
D) Trigeminal nerve
E) Hypoglossal nerve

C) Vagus nerve

Coronary artery that supplies the left atrium.
A) circumflex artery
B) left anterior descending artery
C) marginal artery
D) posterior descending artery
E) pulmonary artery

A) circumflex artery

The pericardial cavity lies between
A) the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
B) the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.
C) the serous pericardium and the epicardium.
D) the fibrous pericardium and the diaphragm

B) the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.

How did the sinoatrial (SA) node most likely get its name?
A) It is on the side of the atrium.
B) It lies at the opening of the coronary sinus.
C) It is damaged by sinus infections (head colds).
D) It develops from the sinus venosus and lies in an atrium.

D) It develops from the sinus venosus and lies in an atrium.

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the
A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

D) endocardium.

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?
A) the superior vena cava
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the pulmonary vein
D) the coronary sinus

C) the pulmonary vein

The auricles are
A) earlike flaps on the surface of the ventricles.
B) earlike flaps on the surface of the atria.
C) projections of the endothelium into the ventricles.
D) modifications of the pectinate muscles on the inner surface of the atria.

B) earlike flaps on the surface of the atria.

What structures anchor the chordae tendineae?
A) trabeculae carneae
B) papillary muscles
C) pectinate muscles
D) semilunar valves

B) papillary muscles

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?
A) the pectinate muscles
B) the mitral valve
C) the trabeculae carneae
D) the papillary muscles

A) the pectinate muscles

The right ventricle pumps blood into which vessel?
A) the aorta
B) the pulmonary vein
C) the pulmonary trunk
D) the superior vena cava

C) the pulmonary trunk

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through
which vessel?
A) a pulmonary vein
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the superior vena cava
D) the coronary sinus

C) the superior vena cava

The cusps of the valves of the heart are covered by
A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) modified pericardium.

C) endocardium.

Semilunar valves are located
A) between the atria and the ventricles.
B) between the ventricles and the great arteries.
C) between the great veins and the atria.
D) only between the left ventricle and the aorta.

B) between the ventricles and the great arteries.

At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic
semilunar valve?
A) superior right
B) inferior right
C) superior left
D) inferior left

A) superior right

What is the effect of the parasympathetic fibers carried by the vagus nerve?
A) They speed up the heartbeat.
B) They increase the force of cardiac contractions.
C) They slow the heartbeat.
D) The heartbeat is not influenced by the vagus nerve.

C) They slow the heartbeat.

Which vessel returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium?
A) the great cardiac vein
B) the coronary sinus
C) the anterior cardiac vein
D) the posterior interventricular vein

B) the coronary sinus

During ventricular systole, blood is
A) flowing from the systemic and pulmonary circuits into both the atria and ventricles.
B) forced from the atria into the ventricles.
C) forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
D) not flowing into or out of the heart.

C) forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

B) left atrium.

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of the
A) coronary sinus.
B) fossa ovalis.
C) coronary arteries.
D) coronary veins.

C) coronary arteries.

Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium?
A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) the great cardiac veins

D) the great cardiac veins

The desmosome-like structures that attach adjacent cardiac muscle cells are called
A) fasciae adherens.
B) gap junctions.
C) intercalated disks.
D) T tubules

A) fasciae adherens.

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.

A) right atrium.

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the sinus venosus?
A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) the right ventricle
C) the left atrium
D) the pulmonary trunk

A) sinoatrial (SA) node

The small cardiac vein is present on the
A) right ventricle.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

A) right ventricle.

The epicardium is the same as the
A) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
B) pericardium.
C) endocardium.
D) fibrous pericardium.

A) visceral layer of serous pericardium.

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus is the
A) anterior interventricular artery
B) middle cardiac vein.
C) coronary sinus.
D) circumflex artery

A) anterior interventricular artery

The artery that nourishes the walls of the left atrium is the
A) anterior interventricular.
B) circumflex.
C) posterior interventricular.
D) right coronary.

B) circumflex.

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

D) left ventricle.

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the
A) posterior interventricular artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) small cardiac vein.
D) right marginal artery.

B) right coronary artery.

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

D) left ventricle.

If the beating heart makes a "lub-dup" sound, the "dup" sound is caused by
A) the apex of the heart hitting the anterior chest wall.
B) a stenotic atrioventricular valve.
C) the large force of the contracting ventricles.
D) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.

D) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.

Destruction of which structure will result in electrical signals traveling to only one ventricle?
A) atrioventricular bundle
B) bundle branch
C) internodal pathway
D) sinoatrial node

B) bundle branch

Clinically, the posterior interventricular artery is referred to as the
A) left artery ascending.
B) left artery descending.
C) posterior descending artery.
D) posterior ascending artery.

C) posterior descending artery.

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains the cardiac muscle is the
A) epicardium.
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

C) myocardium.

Cells of the subendocardial conducting network
A) are larger and have fewer myofilaments than other cardiac cells.
B) are nonconducting cells that electrically insulate the bundle branches of the interventricular
septum.
C) are pacemaker cells located in the SA node that initiate each heartbeat.
D) are sensory cells that monitor the stretch of the myocardium to prevent overexpansion by high
blood pressure.

A) are larger and have fewer myofilaments than other cardiac cells

There is a foramen ovale in the skull and another one in the heart. The foramen ovale in the
heart gives rise to the
A) openings between the atria and ventricles.
B) openings between the ventricles.
C) fossa ovalis.
D) aortic semilunar valve.

C) fossa ovalis.

The "heartstrings" are
A) cusps of the atrioventricular valves.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) papillary muscles.

B) chordae tendineae.

The semilunar valves are closed when
A) the ventricles are contracting.
B) the ventricles are relaxing.
C) the atrioventricular valves are closed.
D) atria are contracting.

B) the ventricles are relaxing.

The atrioventricular node is located in the
A) right atrium, just inferior to the opening of the superior vena cava.
B) inferior part of the interatrial septum.
C) interventricular septum, near the heart base.
D) walls of the ventricles, with the other Purkinje fibers.

B) inferior part of the interatrial septum.

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall so that it can
A) accommodate a greater volume of blood.
B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole.
C) pump blood with greater pressure.
D) pump blood through a smaller valve.

C) pump blood with greater pressure.

During left ventricular systole, blood exits the heart to enter the
A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) venae cavae.

A) aorta.

The tricuspid valve is closed
A) while the ventricle is in diastole.
B) by movement of blood from atrium to ventricle.
C) while the atrium is contracting.
D) when the ventricle is in systole.

D) when the ventricle is in systole.

In the pericardial sac, the ________ lies directly deep to the fibrous pericardium.
A) pericardial cavity
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium
C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
D) epicardium

C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium

This blood vessel is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus.
A) anterior cardiac vein
B) great cardiac vein
C) middle cardiac vein
D) small cardiac vein

B) great cardiac vein

The cardiac centers that control heart rate are located in the
A) cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe.
B) medulla oblongata of the brain stem.
C) pituitary gland of the diencephalon.
D) thoracic segments of the spinal cord.

B) medulla oblongata of the brain stem.

The correct sequence of heart wall layers from superficial to deep is epicardium, endocardium,
and myocardium.

False

Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium.

False

Prolapse of the atrioventricular valves is prevented by the chordae tendineae.

True

Oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs enters the left atrium through two right and two
left pulmonary veins.

True

Contraction of the heart proceeds first on the right side of the heart and second on the left.q

False

The electrical event that begins each heartbeat occurs at the sinoatrial (SA) node.

True

Contraction of the ventricles begins at the apex and proceeds superiorly.

True

Parasympathetic fibers innervate the SA node, AV node, and cardiac musculature.

False

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the descending aorta.

False

The fibrous skeleton of the heart forces the transmission of electrical signals from the atria to
the ventricles via the atrioventricular bundle.

True