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Name 3 main differences between RNA and DNA? |
1. The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2. Generally Single-stranded (RNA) compared to DNA. 3. Contains uracil in place of thymine. |
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What is the importance of the cell’s ability to copy a single DNA sequence in RNA? |
The importance of the cell’s ability to copy a single DNA sequence in RNA is that, it can produce hundreds of thousands of RNA molecules from a single gene. |
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What is the one job in which most RNA molecules are involved in? |
The one and only job in which most RNA molecules are involved in, is protein synthesis. |
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Name 3 types of RNA |
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): Carries copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids from DNA to the rest of the cell. 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): Ribosomes that are made of several dozen protein as well as a form of RNA. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to help assemble proteins. |
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Transcription |
1. During this process, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands. 2. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA. |
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Introns |
A noncoding segment in a length of DNA that interrupts a gene-coding sequence or nontranslated sequence, the corresponding segment being removed from the RNA copy before transcription. |
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True or False__RNA editing occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. |
True |
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What are 2 ways RNA molecules are cut and spliced. |
1. Some RNA molecules may be cut and spliced in different ways and in different tissues, making it possible for a single gene to produce several different forms of RNA. 2. Introns and exons play different roles in evolution. |
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Amino acids |
Proteins are made by joining long chains called polypeptides. |
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4 bases and RNA carrying 20 different amino acid instructions have what? |
Each polypeptide contains a combination of any or all of the 20 different amino acids. |
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Codon |
A group of 3 nucleotides on messenger RNA that specify a particular amino acid. |
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12 |
This number represents the possible amount of three-base codons. |
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True or False__All amino acids are specified by only one codon. |
True |
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AUG |
The genetic code that represents that start codon for protein synthesis. |
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Translation |
During this process, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. |
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Where translation takes place? |
Translation takes place on ribosomes. |
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Name 2 ways To describe translation |
1. Before translation occurs, messenger RNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus. 2. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, it releases the newly formed polypeptide and the mRNA molecule. |
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Anticodon |
Made up of 3 unpaired bases and are complementary to one mRNA codon. |
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DNA |
Runs the master plan and belongs in the nucleus. |
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RNA |
Makes the blueprint and goes to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. |
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Enzymes |
Many proteins that are catalyzed and regulate chemical reactions. |
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True or False__Genes are keys to almost everything that living cells do. |
False |
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Exons |
Any portion of an interrupted gene that is represented in the RNA product and is translated into protein. |
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