|
1) Ventilation perfusion coupling means that more blood flows past functional alveoli than past nonfunctional alveoli. |
t |
|
2) The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell. |
t |
|
3) The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air. |
t |
|
4) The lungs are perfused by two circulations: the pulmonary and the bronchial. The pulmonary circulation is for oxygenation of blood. The bronchial circulation supplies blood to the lung structures (tissue). |
t |
|
5) Changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal. |
t |
|
6) Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli. |
t |
|
7) During normal quiet breathing, approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath. |
f |
|
8) The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation. |
t |
|
9) In chronic bronchitis, mucus production is decreased and this leads to the inflammation and fibrosis of the mucosal lining of the bronchial tree. |
f |
|
10) Labored breathing is termed dyspnea. |
t |
|
11) The largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream in the form of carbonic anhydrase. |
f |
|
12) Increased temperature results in decreased O2 unloading from hemoglobin. |
f |
|
13) The epiglottis is a smooth muscle that covers the glottis during swallowing. |
f |
|
14) Valsalva’s maneuver involves closing off the glottis (preventing expiration) while contracting the muscles of expiration, causing an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. |
t |
|
15) Smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia. |
t |
|
16) Tracheal obstruction is life threatening. |
t |
|
17) The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall. |
t |
|
18) The average individual has 500 ml of residual volume in his lungs. |
f |
|
19) Atelectasis (lung collapse) renders the lung useless for ventilation. |
t |
|
20) The Hering-Breuer reflex is a potentially dangerous response that may cause overinflation of the lung. |
f |
|
21) Strong emotions and pain acting through the limbic system activate sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus, thus modulating respiratory rate and depth by sending signals to the respiratory centers. |
t |
|
22) As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect), which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ion to be generated (the Bohr effect). |
f |
|
23) Dalton’s law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture. |
t |
|
24) Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic. |
f |
|
25) Nasal conchae mainly work on inhalation to warm and moisten air. They serve minor functions for exhalation. |
f |
|
26) Under certain conditions, the vocal folds act as a sphincter that prevents air passage. |
t |
|
27) Apneustic breathing is characterized by prolonged inspirations. |
t |
Share This
Flashcard
