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Which of the following statements regarding circulatory systems is TRUE |
A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion |
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Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? |
Transporting nutrients to body cells |
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The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are |
Open and Closed |
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Adaptation to terrestrial life required major evolutionary changes. The change from gill breathing to lung breathing was accompanied by important changes in the |
Cardiovascular System |
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Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers? |
Salmon |
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Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart? |
Snake |
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Which of the following statements about mammalian circulatory systems is false? |
The left side of a mammal’s heart sends blood to the lungs. |
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In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before entering the right atrium. |
Superior Vena Cava |
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In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back to the heart? |
Pulmonary Vein |
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Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the |
Pulmonary Arteries |
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Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the |
Right Ventricle |
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From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the |
Aorta |
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Largest blood vessel in the human body? |
Aorta |
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During what phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood? |
Diastole |
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Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by a(n) ________ each time it contracts. |
Ventricle |
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During ventricular systole, the ________ valves ________ |
Semilunar . . . open |
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The location of the heart’s pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called the |
Sinoatrial Node |
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The main function of the AV node is to |
Relay a signal for the ventricles to contract. |
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Myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack, |
Is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue |
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Arteries are distinguished from veins based on all of the following features EXCEPT |
The amount of oxygen present in the blood |
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Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls? |
Capillaries |
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In humans, which blood vessels have valves? |
Veins |
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The results suggest that the smallest flow volume would be found in the ___________ of the human body |
Capillaries |
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Which statement best summarizes the results of the experiment? |
The larger the tube diameter, the greater the flow volume. |
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As blood moves away from the heart towards the tissues, the relative size of blood vessels ________, the blood pressure ________, and the velocity of blood flow ________. |
Decreases . . . drops. . . slows |
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In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest? |
Veins in the head |
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Which kind of vessel has the lowest blood velocity? |
Capillary |
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Which of the following factors contributes to the flow of blood in veins? |
Skeletal muscle contractions |
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Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure is FALSE? |
Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80. |
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Which of the following can contribute to high blood pressure? |
Smoking |
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Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by |
Precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles |
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What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid? |
Capillary |
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The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of |
A red blood cell |
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One way that substances move between blood and interstitial fluid is by |
Pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall. |
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Whether there is a net flow of fluid into or out of a capillary at a given point along its length depends upon |
The balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure. |
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The liquid part of blood is called |
Plasma |
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Which of these statements about erythrocytes is TRUE? |
Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave discs |
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Which of the following cells are phagocytes? |
Monocytes and neutrophils |
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An adult human’s red blood cells are formed in the |
Bone marrow |
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Blood clots are formed by platelets and the plasma protein |
Fibrinogen |
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Which of the following statements about blood clotting is TRUE? |
Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot |
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Multipotent stem cells found in the red marrow inside bones |
Can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets |
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